Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 1CT
A urinalysis reveals that the patient’s urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.
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Joey complained to his physician that he was constantly thirsty, hungry, and had to urinate frequently. His physician ordered a blood and urine test. The results of his urinalysis showed the following abnormal values:
pH: 3.5
glucose: 250 mg/100 mL
ketones: 10 gm/100 mL
albumin: 30 mg/100 mL
specific gravity: 1.045
Given Joey’s symptoms and urinalysis results, what do you predict is his diagnosis? Explain and provide reasoning
Illustrate the process of bilirubin formation starting from red blood cell destruction. (Indicate where Unconjugated bilirubin and Conjugated bilirubin is formed. Draw a line separating pre-renal, renal and post-renal.)
Mention at least 5 proteins, besides albumin, that are present in the urine under pathological conditions.
Explain why a glucose test that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule may appear in the urine, and state the renal threshold levels for glucose.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12 - Label the parts of this kidney and nephron.Ch. 12 - How does the formation of urine help maintain the...Ch. 12 - Explain what is meant when we talk about...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1SQCh. 12 - The body loses water by way of the ________. a....Ch. 12 - Water and small solutes enter nephrons during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4SQCh. 12 - Prob. 5SQ
Ch. 12 - Reabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7SQCh. 12 - Prob. 8SQCh. 12 - Prob. 9SQCh. 12 - Match the following saltwater balance concepts:Ch. 12 - A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine...Ch. 12 - As a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of...Ch. 12 - Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely...Ch. 12 - Licorice is used as a remedy in Chinese...Ch. 12 - Drinking too much water can be a bad thing. If...Ch. 12 - As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and...
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- 6) Patrick's urine sample reveals a high concentration of glucose. Is glucose normally present in urine? Suggest two possible mechanisms to explain why the kidney would excrete excess glucose, and what abnormality may underlie those conditions.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions: a. Is glucose normally present in urine? In what condition can it be detected in urine? b. In the presence of positive result in Fehling's and Benedict's tests, how would you eliminate the reducing effect of uric acid and creatinine?arrow_forwardThe fluid in the glomerular capsular space is similar to plasma except that it contains fewer Question options: A) Sugars (glucose) C) Salts 田 D) Proteins O Focusarrow_forward
- Elevated levels of white blood cells produce what condition in urine?arrow_forwarda) How does the kidney regulate blood volume and pressure? b) Explain the role of both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems in the regulation of lower urinary tract function and sphincter control.arrow_forwardMr. White has chronic hypertension which has developed into end-stage renal disease. His symptoms progress from polyuria to oligouria and eventually anuria. Explain the physiological bases of these clinical features. What are the associated complications?arrow_forward
- Explain why a dialysis solution would initially be low in urea buthigh in bicarbonate content.arrow_forwardBriefly explain three alterations in body function that occur with chronic renal failure. Why do so many renal diseases go undetected until significant damage has been caused to the kidneys?arrow_forwardWhat happens to blood concentration of plasma proteins in an individual with renal disease that results in either (a) damage to the filtration membrane or (b) decreased filtration at the filtration membrane?arrow_forward
- The renal threshold of a substance refers to a.) the plasma concentration of the substance below which it does not appear in the urine. b.) the concentration of the substance in the urine that results in an overall increase in urine volume. c.) the number of protein transporters for the substance per tubule. d.) the concentration of the substance found in the kidney before the substance becomes toxic.arrow_forwardFor each of the following urinalysis results, indicate whether you should be concerned or not and why: (a) dark yellow urine that is turbid; (b) ammonia-like odor of the urine; (c) presence of excessivealbumin; (d) presence of epithelial cell casts; (e) pH of 5.5; (f) hematuria.arrow_forwardNearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.arrow_forward
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