Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 21RQ
Draw a section of renal tubule epithelium showing three cells joined by cell junctions. Label the apical and basolateral membranes, the tubule lumen, and the extracellular fluid. Use the following written description of proximal tubule processes to draw a model cell.
The proximal tubule cells contain carbonic anhydrase, which promotes the conversion of CO2 and water H+ and HCO3−. Sodium is reabsorbed by an apical Na+-H+ antiporter and a basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase. Chloride is passively reabsorbed by movement through the paracellular pathway. Bicarbonate produced in the cytoplasm leaves the cell on a basolateral Na+-HCO3− symporter.
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Draw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidney
The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Ion regulation is a key feature of kidney...Ch. 19.1 - What happens to the force of cardiac contraction...Ch. 19.2 - If net filtration out of glomerular capillaries...Ch. 19.2 - If net reabsorption into peritubular capillaries...Ch. 19.3 - Name one way in which filtration and secretion are...Ch. 19.3 - A water molecule enters the renal corpuscle from...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19.4 - Why is the osmotic pressure of plasma in efferent...Ch. 19.4 - If a hypertensive persons blood pressure is...Ch. 19.4 - If systemic blood pressure remains constant but...
Ch. 19.4 - A person with cirrhosis of the liver has...Ch. 19.7 - If plasma creatinine = 1.8 mg/100 mL plasma, urine...Ch. 19 - List and explain the significance of the five...Ch. 19 - List and explain the six major kidney functions.Ch. 19 - At any given time, what percentage of cardiac...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RQCh. 19 - Arrange the following structures in the order that...Ch. 19 - Name the three filtration barriers that solutes...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RQCh. 19 - What does the abbreviation GFR stand for? What is...Ch. 19 - Identify the following structures, then explain...Ch. 19 - In which segment of the nephron does most...Ch. 19 - Match each of the following substances with its...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Map the following terms. You may add terms if you...Ch. 19 - Define, compare, and contrast the items in the...Ch. 19 - What are the advantages of a kidney that filters a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Diagram the micturition reflex. How is this reflex...Ch. 19 - Antimuscarinic drugs are the accepted treatment...Ch. 19 - Draw a section of renal tubule epithelium showing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22RQCh. 19 - Read the box on hemodialysis on p. 603 and see if...Ch. 19 - Graphing question: You are given a chemical Z and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - Dwight was competing for a spot on the Olympic...Ch. 19 - You are a physiologist taking part in an...Ch. 19 - If 140 liters of plasma are filtered in a day, and...
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forward
- Describe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forwardA urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forwardFigure 41.5 Which of the following statements about the kidney is false? The renal pelvis drains into the ureter. The renal pyramids are in the medulla. The cortex covers the capsule. Nephrons are in the renal cortex.arrow_forward
- Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?arrow_forwardUsing the space below, DRAW a simple diagram of the nephron loop and the vasa recta capillaries. Include the following in your drawing: Arrows showing the direction of blood flow in the vasa recta and the flow of tubular fluid (pre-urine) in the nephron loop An arrow (labeled # 1) showing where NaCl is pumped out of the nephron loop An arrow (labeled #2) showing where NaCl diffuses into the vasa recta An arrow (labeled #3) showing where NaCl diffuses out of the vasa recta An arrow (labeled #4) showing where water diffuses out of the nephron loop 10 good Nephrahtcop, is eirlu Vasa Recta astagi lls zirds gnidu dol bemot etsult ai s1erW I o e brus noltqroeds91 Jzom 25ob sedW Tuppo Jolb bns eenomad oe ni bns noit qroadsen isnolilbbe seob o1arW Ihshiavollanid Lbeninm baildsten ai notteineonoo muiboz s al e holde 10 nobqoedes gnihub sludu i6n91 erb lo mutioriqe ardd za010 29onsiedue ob woH .earrow_forwardAlthough the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, tubular reabsorption (the second step of urine formation in a nephron) actually reclaims molecules that have already been filtered from the blood. Describe the tubular reabsorption process, including the structures and molecules involved, and explain why these molecules need to be reabsorbed. please helparrow_forward
- Acetazolamide is a diuretic that blocks the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This blockage prevents theformation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water. Normally, carbonicacid dissociates to form H+ and HCO3−, and the H+ is exchanged forNa+ from the urine. Blocking the formation of H+ in the tubule cellsblocks Na+ reabsorption, thus inhibiting water reabsorption andproducing the diuretic effect. With this information in mind, what effectdoes acetazolamide have on blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?arrow_forwardMatch the structure of the nephron to its primary function. Renal corpuscle Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct responsible for size-selective filtration of the blood responsible for active transport and reabsorption of ions and nutrients as well as the reabsorption of water may or may not reabsorb sodium ions depending on the presence or absence of the hormone aldosterone. establishes a strong osmotic gradient allowing the reabsorption of water, sodium ions, and chloride ions. regulates reabsorption of water in response to the presence of ADH & secretes urea into the interstitial fluid to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla.arrow_forwardWater though Urinary System Trace the path of the water molecule as it moves from this starting point to this ending point. Starting point: The water molecule enters a kidney in the blood plasma traveling through the renal artery. Ending point: The water molecule is excreted from the body. You may write a description, create a diagram with labels, or both to trace a path. Include as many of the following components of the urinary system and terms as you can: afferent arteriolecollecting ductdistal convoluted tubuleglomerular capsuleglomerulusmajor calyxminor calyx nephron loopproximal convoluted tubulerenal pelvisureterurethra For each of the parts of the urinary system in your path, describe a unique anatomical characteristic (size, tissue composition, etc.) or function.arrow_forward
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