Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 17.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The concept of cooperativity between organisms as opposed to the famous notion of evolution by competition between organisms.
Introduction:
Heritable
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Why do scientists believe that
mitochondria evolved before
chloroplasts?
A. because all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria but
not all eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts
B. because mitochondria are more efficient than
chloroplasts
C. because mitochondria live longer than chloroplasts
D. because mitochondria are larger and stronger than
chloroplasts
Chrome OS Wien
In which scenario would mitosis be least desirable in terms of a species' survival?
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A species has little energy to devote to reproduction.
A species is unable to travel far to find a mate.
A species has to adjust rapidly to a changing environment.
A species is preyed upon by numerous successful predators.
Volvox carteri, an volvocine alga, has approximately 2000 somatic cells and only 16 reproductive or germ line cells. The observation that multicellular individuals, like Volvox, have a much smaller subset of germ line cells compared to somatic cells appears to be general rule. Which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for why this is the case?
A) Organisms can biologically only contain a small number of germ line cells as they are always larger than somatic cells.
B) Multicellular individuals with a germ line vs. somatic cell line differentiation only evolved a single time, thus all members of this lineage share the same scheme of more soma cells with a much smaller subset of germ line cells.
C) Having a smaller subset of reproductive cells helps reduce the likelihood of cheating from evolving, which in turns prevents the collapse of the multicellular individual system.
D) None of the above.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which of the following is thought to be the most closely related to the common animal ancestor? a. fungal cells b. protist cells c. plant cells d. bacterial cellsarrow_forwardThe extra energy required for the evolution of the highly complex eukaryotic cell was possible because: a) mesosomes released enzymes into the nucleus b) two types of prokaryotic bacteria became endo symbiotic invaders of the complex cells c) the DNA of the eukaryote cell functions within the nucleoid area d) chloroplasts were able to use O2 to conduct photosynthesis e) the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane contained mitochondriaarrow_forwardWhich is a piece of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory? Select all that apply. (Group of answer choices) A. many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics B. eukaryotic cells have cell membranes C. mitochondria have their own DNA D. chloroplast DNA is more similar to cyanobacteria DNA than eukaryotic DNA E. ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells F. mitochondria must divide to multiply, cells can't build themarrow_forward
- What evidence supports the hypothesis that mitochondria preceded plastids in the evolution of Eukaryotes cells?arrow_forwardDescribe the features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that support the endosymbiotic theory.arrow_forwardAll living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains. Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have? A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes. D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.arrow_forward
- Which of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? Mitochondria are aerobic. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic. Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids (chloroplast-like structures) through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria, or even through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists. All Eukaryotes have mitochondria; only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts.arrow_forwardHow did the evolution of oxygen-releasing photosynthesis in cyanobacteria increase the likelihood that mitochondria would one day evolve?arrow_forwardPlace the following events in the order in which they are thought to have occurred in early evolution of life. the ability to produce proteins from genetic material the ability to use O2 as an electron acceptor for producing cellular energy the formation of heritable information (RNA) the ability to use light energy to fix CO2arrow_forward
- Which of the following statement is not a line of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotes? Question 8 options: Mitochondria and plastids have their own circular DNA which is similar to bacterial DNA. Mitochondria and plastids can both live and reproduce outside of a cell. Mitochondria and plastids are separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Mitochondria and plastids reproduce independently of the rest of the cell.arrow_forwardMolecular fossils further indicate the presence of ciliates and dinoflagellates in the emerging eukaryotic world and show that algae were expanding to become major photosynthesizers in the oceans. How can we explain this diversification?arrow_forwardYou are digging for fossils and found an ancient one with well preserved cellular contents. After testing in the lab, you realize that the cell wall of the fossilized species contains cellulose. This means that the most likely group of organisms to which this fossil belongs isgreen plants and fungi animals and algae green plants and algae protistsarrow_forward
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