Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 17, Problem 9RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The basis of the phylogenetic tree and the unrooted nature of the fundamental tree of life at the divergence of Archaea, eukarya, and bacteria.
Introduction:
A branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among various species represents a phylogenetic or an evolutionary tree. In a tree where the direction of the ancestral relationship is determined based on one of the nodes specified as the root is called a rooted tree whereas an unrooted tree has no pre-determined root and thus, possesses no hierarchy.
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Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture.
In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?
Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture.
In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?
Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.
make a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least
three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria,
chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events
on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic trees? 1) The branch lengths on the tree are scaled to molecular (DNA) changes and/or time. 2)Phylogenetic trees have shown us that there is much more bacterial diversity compared to eukaryotes. 3) Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. 4). The branch lengths on the tree depict abiotic and biotic factors affecting speciation.arrow_forwardDraw a simpler version of the phylogenetic tree that just depicts the four supergroups of eukaryotes after viewing the image. Now imagine and sketch the tree as if the unikonts were the first eukaryotes to diverge from the rest of the eukaryotes.arrow_forwardDraw a simpler version of the phylogenetic tree that just depicts the four supergroups of eukaryotes after viewing the image. Now imagine the tree as if the unikonts were the first eukaryotes to diverge from the rest of the eukaryotes.arrow_forward
- Which statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade consists of two taxa. Define the following terms and use to label your diagram: clade, node, branch, common ancestor, and taxon.arrow_forwardCompare phylogenetic trees created using DNA data with phylogenetic trees created using chromosomal banding patterns. Which technique do you think is more valuable and why?arrow_forward
- Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? Question options: The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…arrow_forwardGeneticists have determined the amount of DNA, the number of different genes, and the size of the cell/nucleus in a wide variety of model organisms. as we move up the phylogenetic scale, the amount of DNA/cell increases much more rapidly than does the volume in which that DNA must be packaged. How do higher organisms package their DNA in the interphase cell?arrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree and identify a node, a branch, and an outgroup.arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license