Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 17, Problem 12RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The following:
The process of endosymbiosis can lead to an obligate association.
The evolution of organelles that are inseparable from the host cell through reductive evolution and gene transfer.
Introduction:
The word “symbiosis� refers to living together. However, in biological terms, this term refers to a long term, close interaction between two different organisms or species. These organisms usually benefit from each other, which is a kind of symbiosis. Endosymbiosis can be regarded as the most intimate type of symbiosis amongst all the categories where the population of one participant grows inside the body of other partner.
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Select all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane
Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission
The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotes
An infectious disease research group is studying a microbe that can cause infections and gastrointestinal disease in humans, and which can also survive and reproduce in hamsters. A dormant cyst form of the microbe infects human hosts through fecal-oral transmission if they come in contact with hamster droppings and don’t wash their hands before eating. The organism exhibits active, motile morphological forms at other stages of its life cycle. Sexual reproduction (fusion of haploid gametes) occurs in the hamsters; only asexual reproduction occurs in humans. It has a nucleus, but does NOT have a cell wall. This microbe could be which of the following?
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Explain why the process of endosymbiosis can be viewed asboth an ancient event and a more recent event. What advantages could endosymbiosis give to both the endosymbiontand the host?
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which of these would be evidence against endosymbiosis? a) chloroplast have their own DNA O b) their structure resembles that of prokaryotes O c) the presence of one membrane O d) chloroplast resemble cyanobacteriaarrow_forwardDiscuss the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis and briefly explain some of the evidence that supports it.arrow_forwardThe organism represented below is multicellular, heterotrophic, and completely aquatic. - Offspring resulting from only the process of mitotic cell division Which other characteristics could be used to descri this organism? A) reproduces in a water habitat and is a producer B) carries out photosynthesis and needs oxygen C) deposits cellular wastes on land and decompos dead organisms D) reproduces asexually and is a consumerarrow_forward
- What is one argument against the idea that the nucleus has also become part of a eukaryotic cell via an endosymbiosis event?arrow_forwardExplain what is meant by endosymbiotic theory.arrow_forwardDescribe the features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that support the endosymbiotic theory.arrow_forward
- According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its hostarrow_forwardWhich of the following are lines of evidence for endosymbiosis? Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes O DNA structure in chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to that of prokaryotes Mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotic than eukaryotic ribosomes O The DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is very similar to that of prokaryotes.arrow_forwardWhich of these is an example of inductive reasoning? A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. B) These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. C) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. D) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.arrow_forward
- Define the endosymbiotic theory. Explain how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis. Explain 4 pieces of evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory.arrow_forwardDraw a simple sketch illustrating the way in which aerobic bacteria are hypothesized to have become incorporated into an original prokaryotic host cell.arrow_forwardExplain 5 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory of origin to the energy organelles within Eukaryotes (i.e.mitochondria and chloroplasts).arrow_forward
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