Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Mutations refer to the alteration in the genome of an organism. Mutation may occur as a result of an error in the replication process of DNA. Mutations can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful for any organism. The alterations caused as a result of mutations are permanent in nature.
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The addition of the poly-A tail adds more than 200 units of adenine to the strand of mRNA, yet no protein has a continuous line of more than 200 phenylalanines in its structure. Why is this so?
A. RNA splicing occurs and removes the noncoding sequences.
B. The poly-A tail and 5' GTP cap do not translate into proteins.
C. The adenines are reabsorbed by the cell and help to form other forms of RNA.
D. The tRNA does not recognize the poly-A tail.
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false.Correct each to make a true statement. a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence. b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription. c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets. d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified. e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcrip
Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described
after the sequence.
Guanine nucleotide (G shown in red in the DNA sequence below) was substituted by C Write out the sequence
of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For
example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the
protein?)
3' TACATGGTTGTGCTAATT 5'
C
Chapter 17 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 17 - a. In what three ways does RNA differ from DNA? b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - Prob. 3IQCh. 17 - How does the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differ...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5IQCh. 17 - In the following diagrams of polypeptide...Ch. 17 - What determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms and explain what type...Ch. 17 - You have been introduced to several types of RNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 17 - What is the genetic code? Explain redundancy and...Ch. 17 - Prepare a concept map showing the types and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Transcription involves the transfer of information...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is a statement of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is true of RNA processing?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - What type of bonding is responsible for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 25TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 26TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 27TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 28TYK
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- What is the human protein atlas?A.The Human Protein Atlas catalogs all human proteins with an Ala-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser motif B.The Human Protein Atlas maps all the human proteins in cells, tissues and organs. C.The Human Protein Atlas is a list of all the known proteins identified in humans. D.The Human Protein Atlas maps all the human proteins identified in different countries around the worldarrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.arrow_forwardDetermine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence. Guanine nucleotide (G shown in red in the DNA sequence below) was substituted by C Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?)arrow_forward
- A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins. The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. Which of the following statements best describes the role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis? * A. DNA is the primary genetic material contained within a cell. B. DNA is the long-term storage while RNA is the messenger containing instruction from DNA C. DNA creates protein during protein synthesis & converts it into usable molecules while RNA assembles amino acid into a protein. D. All of the above. Humans and chimpanzees share many common characteristics. How would you explain the similarities of the amino acid sequences that can be found in both organisms? * A. Two groups share a relatively common ancestor B. Humans evolved from chimpanzees C. Two groups belong to the same species D. Chimpanzees evolved from…arrow_forwardHow does a mutation from a. Alanine to valine increase the stability of a folded protein. b. Isoleucine to Threonine increase the stability of a folded protein. c. Serine to glycine increase the stability of a folded protein.arrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B, C and/or D to answer the question. C. What terminus of the protein is represented by the amino acid represented by label D?arrow_forward
- Determine the identity of the N-terminal amino acid after reconstructing the intact protein. Why is this answer correct and why are the others incorrect? A. Asp B. Ser C. Glu D. Ilearrow_forwardIn Eukaryotes, DNA is a long molecule inside a tiny nucleus. a. How can this long chain fit in such space? b. How does it affect gene expression?arrow_forwardConsider the following DNA sequence:CATGTGTAGTCTAAAa. Write the sequence of the DNA strand that would be repli-cated from this one.b. Write the sequence of the RNA molecule that would betranscribed from the DNA strand.c. State how many codons the sequence specifies.d. State how many amino acids the sequence specifiesarrow_forward
- Why might a single base-pair mutation in eukaryotic mRNA be less serious than one in prokaryotic mRNA? a. If the mutation occurs in the 5' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. b. If the mutation occurs in the exon, it will not affect the gene product. c. If the mutation occurs in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, only one gene product may affected. O d. If the mutation occurs in the intron or not in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, it will nc affect the gene product. O e. If the mutation occurs in the 3' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. OLIE STIC N 1Aarrow_forwardThere are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that A. some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize two or more different codons. B. the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible. C. many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable. D. A and B only E. A, B, and Carrow_forwardA particular tRNA is mutated so that the amino acid attachment cannot bind with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase. What happens when an mRNA transcript contains the codon for this tRNA? A. The tRNA will not bind to this codon. B. Translation stops and the protein is released. C The wrong tRNA is added to the protein chain. D. Translation stops and the protein remains bound to the ribosome.arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY