Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The genetic information of DNA is based on the
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Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper
sequence.
1. A TRNA binds to the A site.
2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide
chain.
3. TRNA vacates E site as the next tRNA binds to the A site.
4. Both ribosomal subunits have bound, and the first TRNA is in the P site.
5. TRNA translocates to the P site, as upstream tRNA translocates to E site.
O 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
4, 1, 2, 5, 3
2, 4, 5, 1, 3
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Choose the correct function of tRNA.
A. TRNAS are an intermediate stage of RNA processing where introns have been removed but polyadenylation has not occurred yet
B. TRNAS are small RNAS that regulate gene expression
C. TRNAS bring amino acids to the ribosome for addition to the growing polypeptide chain
D. tRNA is a major structural component of the ribosome
Examine the tRNA in Figure 15.14. What do you think would be the potential effect of a mutation in the part of the tRNA gene that encodes (a) the acceptor stem; (b) the anticodon; (c) one of the red nucleotide positions?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 17 - a. In what three ways does RNA differ from DNA? b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - Prob. 3IQCh. 17 - How does the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differ...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5IQCh. 17 - In the following diagrams of polypeptide...Ch. 17 - What determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms and explain what type...Ch. 17 - You have been introduced to several types of RNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 17 - What is the genetic code? Explain redundancy and...Ch. 17 - Prepare a concept map showing the types and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Transcription involves the transfer of information...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is a statement of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is true of RNA processing?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - What type of bonding is responsible for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 25TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 26TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 27TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 28TYK
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- Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNAarrow_forwardDetermine whether this statement is true or false: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase covalently links the amino acid to the 5’ end of the correct tRNA molecule.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a general feature of tRNA? A. All TRNAS contain 4 loops, the anticodon loop, the hydroxy-uridine and methylcytosine loops and a variable loop B. The tertiary structure of tRNAs is L-shaped C. All ERNAS contain anti-codons D. All TRNAS contain amino acids attached to the 3'-OH end E. All ERNAS contain the rare nucleotides, hydroxyuridine and methyl cytosinearrow_forward
- The tertiary structure of a tRNA is shown below. Using the various colored areas (i.e., red, yellow, green, blue) as a marker, identify the region where the anticodon is found and identify the amino acid binding site. Explain the importance of the tRNA as an adaptor during protein synthesis.arrow_forwardUsing the given information, determine the correct order of the following events during translation: TRNA-methionine is cleaved and moves the empty tRNA to E site & is released, TRNA with polypeptide chain moves to P site. Second tRNA binds to 1. Step 1 codon in A site 2. Step 2 Ribosome arrives at stop codon & polypeptide chain is released from TRNA 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 A peptide bond is created between the first amino acid and the second amino 5. Step 5 acid. 6. Step 6 TRNA-methionine binds to the start codon and the large ribosomal unit binds Small subunit scans MRNA until it reaches start codonarrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of charged tRNAS in the active site of the ribosome during translation of the MRNA into protein. What would be the codon in the mRNA that base pairs with the anti-codon in the t- RNA charged with Glu (Glutamic acid) ? HINT: Check the genetic code table/chart. X. Ala Arg Cys Gly Met Trp Leu Glu TRNA B TRNA A A 5'-AAC-3' 5'-CUU-3' 5'-GAA-3' 5'-AUG-3'arrow_forward
- TRNAS are 'charged' or activated by aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. Select the correct statements regarding this process. The process is dependent on interactions between ribosomes and aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. The aminoacid is added to the D-loop of the tRNA. Aminoacyl TRNA synthetases are pre-associated with tRNAS. The amino acid is attached to the terminal to the 3' hydroxyl of an adenine in the acceptor arm. The process requires an aminoacyl-adenylate intermadiate. QUESTION 19 Select the correct statements regarding myosin-mediated contraction the sarcomere. O Ca2+ is required for the binding of myosin to f-actin. Myosin and f-actin are randomly distributed in the sarcomere. Physical pulling of the actin microfilament requires three distinct conformation changes on myosin that involve ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and sequential release of inorganic phosphate and ADP. Myosin-mediated contracted is ubiquitous across all cell types. O O O Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following cannot be said regarding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase? It is essential for the correct reading of codons. A single tRNA synthetase can attach different amino acids to their corresponding tRNA. It is first activated when it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and an amino acid to form an aminoacyladenylic acid (amino acyl-AMP). It is responsible for the attachment of the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA. There is a different tRNA synthetase for each amino acid that will be attached to a tRNA.arrow_forwardput in correct order the steps for initiating translation. 1. Binding of initiator tRNA to mRNA 2. Binding of large ribosomal subunit to mRNA 3. Binding of small ribosomal subunit to mRNA 4. Binding of tRNA with 2nd amino acid to the A site 5. Formation of covalent bond between methionine and second amino acid A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 E) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5arrow_forward
- 1. True or false for these statements: a. ubiquitin molecule signals that a protein is ready to be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum b. In the ribosome during translation, the incoming tRNA will transfer its amino acid to the outgoing tRNA c.Folding of nascent or new proteins occurs after the full-length polypeptide chain has been separated from the ribosome after translation d. A signal peptide may or may not be degraded once it has guided the polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardChoose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. (Note some steps may be missing) A peptide bond forms A small ribosomal subunit binds with the mRNA. The tRNA leaves the P site, and the ribosome translocates to the P site. The Methionine initiator-tRNA binds to the start codon. An incoming amino-acyl tRNA binds to the A site The large ribosomal subunit binds the small subunit Group of answer choices A 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3 B 2, 4, 6, 5, 1, 3 C 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6 D 4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6 E 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 1arrow_forwardThe aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes are responsible for: O A. matching each tRNA with the appropriate mRNA codon. O B. catalyzing the enzymatic step of peptide bond formation during translation. O C. synthesizing tRNA molecules in the nucleus from tRNA genes. O D. adding amino acids to appropriate tRNAS (charging the tRNA). O E. regulating the process of amino acid synthesis.arrow_forward
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