Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 21TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Amino acid forms a peptide bond by joining two or more amino acids. It consists of an asymmetrical carbon atom that is attached to an amino group, a hydrogen atom, a carboxylic group, and a side group (or R-group). A longer chain of amino acid is known as polypeptide.
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tRNAs
a. carry amino acids
b. bind to the anticodon present in the mRNA
c. adapt the genetic information to the ribosome
d. catalyze the peptide bond
Which of the following is true of ribosome rescue? (C & E wrong)
A. The process produces a protein that is tagged for degradation.
B. Proteases enter the A-site of the ribosome to degrade the C-terminus of the synthesized peptide.
C. A partially translated mRNA becomes fully degraded before it can be translated further.
D. No protein is produced in the process.
E. Stalled ribosomes are released in the absence of a stop codon.
This molecule is most likely implicated in the renaturation of proteins.
Select one:
a.
chaperone (HSP)
b.
kinase
c.
RISC
d.
proteasome
e.
transcriptional factor
Chapter 17 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 17 - a. In what three ways does RNA differ from DNA? b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - Prob. 3IQCh. 17 - How does the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differ...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5IQCh. 17 - In the following diagrams of polypeptide...Ch. 17 - What determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms and explain what type...Ch. 17 - You have been introduced to several types of RNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 17 - What is the genetic code? Explain redundancy and...Ch. 17 - Prepare a concept map showing the types and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Transcription involves the transfer of information...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is a statement of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is true of RNA processing?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - What type of bonding is responsible for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 25TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 26TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 27TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 28TYK
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- Suppose hemoglobin is inhibited at the post-translational level. This means is it regulated at the _____ Select one: a. DNA level and mRNA will not be made b. tRNA level and protein will not be made c. mRNA level and the protein will not be made d. protein level and it will be inactive e. precursor mRNA level and mature mRNA will not be madearrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forward
- 1. The SRP is recognized by the SRP receptor. 2. The ribosome translates the protein through the translocon and into the ER lumen. 3. The ribosome attaches to the translocon. 4. Chaperones assist in the proper folding of the protein. 5. The signal peptide on the nascent polypeptide is synthesized by the ribosome and recognized by the SRP (signal recognition protein). A. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 OB. 1, 5, 4, 3, 2 C. 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 OD. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 E. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 QUESTION 32 The side of the Golgi stack orientated towards the endoplasmic reticulum is the OA. cis-Golgi network B. trans-Golgi network OC. vesicle OD. medial-Golgi QUESTION 33 Which molecule is displaced when a vesicle and its target membrane fuse? A. Water OB. Cholesterol OC. Phospholipids D. DNA OE. SNARES 2. 2.arrow_forwardDuring translation, when a stop codon is read on the mRNA strand at the ribosome... a the mRNA is digested by a protease complex b a repressor attached to the ribosome that inhibits the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA c the enzyme helicase binds to terminate the polypeptide d a release factor enters the A site of the ribosome and stimulates the disassembly of the translation complex Codons are... a triplets coding for a single amino acid. b redundant in their coding for various amino acids. c matched with anticodons during translation d triplets found on transfer RNA Question 6 (1 point) In order to produce many copies of the same protein in a short period of time, the cell uses... a intron self-splicing. b many RNA polymerase molecules to produce multiple mRNA transcripts at the same time. c single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation. d codon-anticodon reciprocal…arrow_forwardThe peptide bond formation is catalyzed by a. the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase b. tRNA c. the small ribosomal subunit d. the large ribosomal subunitarrow_forward
- The engineered peptide in this RIP is designed to bond to certain proteins in the plasma membrane of skin cancer cells. Based on the data discussed here, what might you suspect about the structure of human skin cancer cells? A. They contain unique membrane proteins not commonly found in other types of human cancer cells B. Their membrane structure is identical to some other types of human cancer cellsarrow_forwardThe peptide bond formation a. occurs when two tRNAs are located inside the P and A site in the ribosome b. occurs when the anticodon recognizes the codon c. occurs when two tRNAs come in close proximity in the cell d. occurs with the help of the tRNAase enzymearrow_forwardArrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forward
- Indicate (x) if the following statements about synthesis of proteins containing an ER signal sequence are True or False: True False i. Translation is initiated by ribosomes located on the ER membrane The signal recognition particle (SRP) binds a sequence of nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids. ii. iii. The ER signal sequence may be cleaved by signal peptidase on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane. iv. The part of a transmembrane protein that will ultimately be located outside of the cell is inserted into the lumen of the ER during translation. A stop transfer sequence is a series of polar amino acids that halts translocation of a newly synthesized peptide into the ER lumen.arrow_forwardEach of the following statements about protein synthesis is false.Correct each to make a true statement. a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence. b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription. c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets. d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified. e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcriparrow_forwardMature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human insulin? a. They are identical and combine to form the mature insulin b. They are produced by proteolytic processing of a single translation product d. c. They are the products of alternative translation-initiation sites on a single mRNA They are the product of a separate A- and B-chain mRNA produced by alternative splicing e. They are the products of separate A- and B-chain mRNA synthesized from alternative promotersarrow_forward
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