Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 14, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The practical use of the given reactions and the organism that uses such reactions to obtain energy.

Introduction:

The series of electron carriers that transfer electrons sequentially along the reduction potential is called an electron transport chain. It initiates with the initial electron donor and ultimately all the electrons are transported to a terminal acceptor. In the electron transport chain of oxidative respiration, the electrons are received from NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) and ultimately transferred to O2 (Dioxygen). In the electron transport chain of anaerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptors are nitrogen, sulfur or any metal ion.

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While the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK:                             GAPDH GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH                                                                    PGK                                             BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below:                         GAPN GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH   In bacteria and eukaryotes, GAPDH/PGK are not regulated via allosteric activation or inhibition. Do you imagine this is the same for GAPN? Why or why not?
While the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK:                             GAPDH GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH                                                                    PGK                                             BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below:                         GAPN GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH In terms of the ΔGrxn, why is the GAPDH+PGK process reversible but the GAPN process is not?
The anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii uses which of the following carbon-fixation pathways to obtain organic carbon from CO2? the Hill reaction the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesis the Krebs cycle
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