Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Question
Chapter 14, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The chemical concentration difference and charge difference in proton potential along with the cellular reaction in the component of ∆p.
Introduction:
Proton motive force is the force that is generated by the electron transport chain which acts as a proton pump using the Gibbs free energy to pump the protons of
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Calculate the amount of ATP that be needed to be converted to ASP to pump 1mol of protons across a membrane from a solution of pH8 to pH6. (pH values are unchanged during the process). Where T=298K
A simple enzyme reaction can be described by the equation e + s ↔ es ↔ e + p, where e is the enzyme, s the substrate, p the product, and es the enzyme– substrate complex.Write a corresponding equation describing the workings of a transporter (T) that mediates the transport of a solute (s) down its concentration gradient.
Illustrate a coupled reaction, and explain the role of ATP in a coupled reaction.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 14.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1TQ
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - Prob. 11RQCh. 14 - Prob. 1TQCh. 14 - Prob. 2TQCh. 14 - Prob. 3TQCh. 14 - Prob. 4TQ
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- Each proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized? (Hint: can you have half a proton?)arrow_forwardIn the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forwardWhat is the energy charge for the cell with concentrations of [ATP] = 1.000 mM, [ADP] = 10.00 uM, and [AMP] = 3.000 uM?arrow_forward
- V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.arrow_forwardAssume that: 1) a polar substance X is transported together with protons into a cell without direct linkage to ATP hydrolysis; 2) the intracellular pH is higher than the extracellular pH. Describe how substance X and protons are transported into the cellsarrow_forwardConsider the analogy of the jiggling box containing coins that was described on page 85. The reaction, the flipping of coins that either face heads up (h) or tails up (T), is described by the equation h ↔ T, where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.a. What are ΔG and ΔG° in this analogy? b. What corresponds to the temperature at which the reaction proceeds? What corresponds to the activation energy of the reaction? assume you have an “enzyme,” called jigglase, which catalyzes this reaction. What would the effect of jigglase be and what, mechanically, might jigglase do in this analogy?arrow_forward
- Explain from a chemical stand point why ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential. Make sure to compare ATP with its hydrolysis products, ADP and inorganic phosphate.arrow_forward4) Compare and contrast proton extrusion by the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE and an ATP-driven proton pump. a) What is a possible advantage of using NHE over an ATP-driven proton pump if the exchanger does not operate close to equilibrium? b) If the NHE exchanger were to operate close to equilibrium, would the ATP-driven proton pump be more or less efficient at extruding protons than NHE? Why?arrow_forwardDraw the complete molecular structure of the hydrolysis of a phosphate from ATP. Give the value and units of AG for the reaction.arrow_forward
- The conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is an endergonic reaction (eql below). The second equation below is an exergonic reaction that can occur in all cells. Considering this information, how can the reaction in equation 3 proceed? EQ1: Glucose + Pj --> glucose 6-phosphate EQ2: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pj EQ3: Glucose + ATP --> glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Select one: a. The energy required to make Eq3 spontaneous is provided by the enzyme catalyzing the reaction b. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy consumed in equation 2 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. c. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG positive and the reaction spontaneous. d. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. e. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy…arrow_forwardWhich answer choice describes the process in the equation ATP+ H2O—->AMP+PP?arrow_forwardExplain why the molecule ATP, which acts as the body's energy currency, has an intermediate phosphoryl group transfer potential.arrow_forward
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