Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 23CONQ
Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations?
A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide
B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA
C. Shutting off the function of a protein
For your answers to parts A-C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Below is a model of a signal transduction pathway that results in the transcribing of mRNA:
Receptor protein
Transcription factor
Phosphorylation
cascade
DNA
mRNA
What is the best description of what would happen if the phosphorylation cascade resulted in a phosphate being attached to the transcription factor?
O mRN would not stop being transcribed from the DNA.
O The phosphorylation cascade would continue to release excess phosphates.
O mRNA would stop being translated from the DNA.
O Receptor proteins would not bind to the signaling hormone.
As discussed in Lipids 3, SREBPs are a type of transcription factor
involved in lipid homeostasis. SREBPs regulate the expression of genes
that encode for anabolic enzymes.
Normally SREBPs are degraded within 3 hours. Pancreatic cancer cells
prevent this from happening, which increases cholesterol production
within the tumor.
If maintaining SREBPs for a longer period of time increases lipid
synthesis, then these transcription factors are:
O introducing a point mutation within the mRNA, causing the ribosome to
synthesize a better protein
binding to the promoter and preventing RNA polymerase from accessing the
transcription start site
introducing a premature stop codon within the mRNA, causing the ribosome
to terminate translation
binding upstream of the promoter and recruiting RNA polymerase to the
transcription start site
binding to the origin of replication and recruiting DNA polymerase for
bidirectional synthesis
Many currently marketed drugs exert their pharmacological effects by binding to ligand-activated transcription factors and modulating gene expression. One example, are various drugs that target the estrogen receptor to treat breast cancer, osteoporosis and post-menopausal symptoms. Below is a ChIP experiment examining the effects of no drug treatment (C), the natural hormone estrogen (E) and the drugs tamoxifen (T) and raloxifene (R) on recruitment of coactivators (SRC-1 and CBP), Histone Deacetylase Complexes (HDACs) and acetylation of histones associated with the C-myc gene. Which of the following statements are correct based on this data (select all that apply)?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 14.1 - 1. A repressor is a __________ that _________...Ch. 14.1 - 2. Which of the following combinations will cause...Ch. 14.2 - 1. What is an operon?
a. A site in the DNA where...Ch. 14.2 - The binding of _______ to lac repressor causes lac...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 14.2 - How does exposing an E. coli cell to glucose...Ch. 14.3 - When tryptophan binds to trp repressor, this...Ch. 14.3 - During attenuation, when tryptophan levels are...Ch. 14.3 - Operons involved with the biosynthesis of...Ch. 14.4 - 1. Translation can be regulated by
a....
Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 14.5 - 1. For a riboswitch that controls transcription,...Ch. 14 - 1. What is the difference between a constitutive...Ch. 14 - In general, why is it important to regulate genes?...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 14 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 14 - An operon is repressible-a small effector molecule...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 14 - 7. What is enzyme adaptation? From a genetic point...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 14 - Mutations may have an effect on the expression of...Ch. 14 - 12. Would a mutation that inactivated lac...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 14 - 14. As shown in Figure 14.12, four regions within...Ch. 14 - 15. As described in Chapter 13, enzymes known as...Ch. 14 - 16. The combination of a 3–4 stem-loop and a...Ch. 14 - 17. Mutations in tRNA genes can create tRNAs that...Ch. 14 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 14 - A species of bacteria can synthesize the amino...Ch. 14 - 21. Using three examples, describe how allosteric...Ch. 14 - How are the actions of lac repressor and trp...Ch. 14 - 23. Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac...Ch. 14 - Answer the following questions that pertain to the...Ch. 14 - Chapter 21 describes a blotting method known as...Ch. 14 - As described in experimental question E2 and also...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4EQCh. 14 - Explain how the data shown in Figure 14.9 indicate...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6EQCh. 14 - Lets suppose you have isolated a mutant strain of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 14 - Prob. 2QSDC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Iron Response Factor (IRF) protein regulates production of both the iron transport protein transferrin, which imports iron into a cell, and the iron storage protein ferritin, which stores iron when the cell has more iron than in needs. IRF is an RNA binding protein, which binds to a specific RNA sequence, the Iron Response Element (IRE). When the IRF protein binds to the IRE sequence in the mRNA that codes for transferrin, what effect does this have on the expression of transferrin? Briefly explain why this effect is observed.arrow_forwardGiven the following schematic for a gene and its associated regulatory regions, answer the following questions by placing the correct letter in the provided blanks please put in the correct letter for the questions What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region What site would significantly increase gene expression rates? = region What region or regions of this gene’s coding sequence are expressed as amino acids = regionarrow_forwardwhich of the following correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes? A: nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate general transcription factors B: cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate CREB C: cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate general transcription factors D: G protein-coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylationarrow_forward
- Genetic expression in general can be regulated at various stages. Identify specific processes that control gene expression at the: a. transcription level - b. post-transcription level - c. translation level -arrow_forwardYou have developed an activator of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In three different cell types that all contain this receptor your drug has different effects. In cell type A you see activation of gene X and gene Y; in cell type B you note activation of Gene X, but no change in the mRNA levels for Gene Y. In cell type C your drug has no effect on either Gene X or Y. Describe how could each choice (A-D) be a possibility to suit the scenario? a. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y). Cell type A contains both STATs; cell type B contains STAT X only; cell type C has neither STAT. b. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y) and two separate JAKs (JAK X & JAK Y). Cell type A contains both STATs and JAKs; cell type B contains both STATs but JAK X only; cell type C has both STATs but neither JAK. c. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y), two separate JAKs (JAK X & JAK Y) and…arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following will increase or decrease gene expression: mRNA degradation mRNA capping Binding of a transcriptional activator Ubiquitination of a protein and targeting to the proteasomearrow_forward
- there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forwardTumor cells from a person with leukemia have been analyzed to determine which oncogene is involved in the transformation. After partial sequencing of the gene, the predicted gene product is identified as a tyrosine kinase. Which of the following proteins would most likely be encoded by an oncogene and exhibit tyrosine kinase activity? A. Nuclear transcriptional activator B. Epidermal growth factor C. Membrane-associated G protein D. Platelet-derived growth factor E. Growth factor receptorarrow_forwardGene expression may change in response to external cues through the activity of multiple signal transduction cascades. What is the primary mechanism that determines if a gene is expressed or not?arrow_forward
- What does it mean to study the subcellular localization of a protein? What are two techniques that could be used to study the subcellular localization of a protein? Then specify how each of these techniques could be used to study a transcription factor in liver cellsarrow_forwardYou wish to find the cis-acting regulatory DNA elements responsible for the transcriptional responses of two genes, c-fos and globin. Transcription of the c-fos gene is activated in response to fibroblast growth factor (FGF), but it is inhibited by cortisol (Cort). On the other hand, transcription of the globin gene is not affected by either FGF or cortisol, but it is stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EP). To find the cis-acting regulatory DNA elements responsible for these transcriptional responses, you use the following clones of the c-fos and globin genes, as well as two “hybrid” combinations (fusion genes), as shown in the diagram below. The letter A represents the intact c-fos gene, D represents the intact globin gene, and B and C represent the c-fos–globin gene fusions. The c-fos and globin exons (E) and introns (I) are numbered. For example, E3(f) is the third exon of the c-fos gene and I2(g) is the second intron of the globin gene. (These labels are provided to help you…arrow_forwardIdentify the eukaryotic level of gene regulation. Choose the correct answer below. a. Pre- transcriptional control b. transcriptional control c. translational control d. post-translational control 9. Levels of gene regulation 10. Functional insulin requires the association of two polypeptides known as the A and B chains. 11. In drosophila, differential mRNA decay rate is crucial during neural development. 12. The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is activated by dephosphorylation and inactivated phosphorylation.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license