Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.