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Chapter 12 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- Why are different conformations of an alkane not considered structural isomers?arrow_forwardHow does the structure of a cycloalkane differ from that of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkane?arrow_forward1. Octane, C8H18, has 18 different constitutional or chain isomers. One of them, isooctane, is used as a standard in determining the octane rating of gasoline a. Draw the structural formulas for at least ten chain isomers of octane. b. Give the IUPAC name of each. C. Which of the isomers that you have drawn has the highest boiling point? Which has the lowest boiling point? Rationalize.arrow_forward
- Part 1. Arrange the following alkane compounds according to the increasing of boiling points. Use the number 1 to 10 for the ranking. 1. heptane 2. methane 6. butane 7. 2, 2, 3, 3 – tetramethylbutane 8. 2- methylpropane 9. propane 10. 3 - methylheptane 3. octane 4. ethane 5. 2, 2, 3 – trimethylbutanearrow_forwardHow does the structure of an alcohol differ from an ether? Describe how an aldehyde differs in structure from a ketone. Thiols are compounds which resemble alcohols, except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. Draw the analogous thiol for the four carbon alcohol in Table 1. Describe the structural difference between carboxylic acids and esters. Are ethers polar molecules? Would you expect ethers to have higher or lower boiling points than alkanes (circle one)? Explain. Pentane (an alkane) has a boiling point of 36 °C. Does the data agree with your prediction? explain why this could be the casearrow_forwardWhich piece of information do you need to determine whether a molecule is an alkyne or an alkene? A. The type of C-H bonds in the molecule B. The number of C-H bonds in the molecule C. The type of C-C bonds in the molecule D. The number of C-C bonds in the moleculearrow_forward
- 1. Octane, C8H18, has 18 different constitutional or chain isomers. One of them, isooctane, is used as a standard in determining the octane rating of gasoline a. Draw the structural formulas for at least ten chain isomers of octane. b. Give the IUPAC name of each. C. Which of the isomers that you have drawn has the highest boiling point? Which has the lowest boiling point? Rationalize. 2. Which of the following structural formulas represent identical compounds and which represent constitutional/structural isomers? Identical compounds: Constitutional isomers: a). CH3CH2CHCH3 e). CH2CH2CHCH3 CH3 i). CH3-C-CI ČI CI CI CH3 CH2CI b). CH3-C-CH3 f). CH3CH2CH2CH,CI j). CICH2 CI CH3 g). CICH,CHCH3 CH2CI k). CH3-CH-CH3 CI c). CH,CHCHCH3 CI h). CH3CHCH2CH2CI CH2CH3 1). CH3CHCI d). CI CIarrow_forwardWhat is the molecular formula of an alkane that has twenty-two carbon atoms? a. C23H46 b. C22H46 c. C22H22 d. C22H24arrow_forwardClassify the following hydrocarbons as alkanes, cycloalkane, alkene, cycloalkenes, alkyne, cycloalkyne, or aromatic.a. CH2 CH CH2b. CH3 C (CH3)2 CH (CH2CH3) CH2 CH2 CH (CH3)2c. (CH3)3 C C C CH (CH3) CH2 CH3arrow_forward
- Gasohol is a mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH. Ethanol is considered an environmentally friendly fuel additive because it can be made from a renewable source—sugarcane. Ethanol burns in air to form CO 2 and H 2O, and, like the combustion of alkanes, this reaction also releases a great deal of energy. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.arrow_forward2. Which of the following molecules contain(s) an alcohol? ОН II III a. I b. II c. III d. All of thesearrow_forwardDraw a structure for each alkane.a. 2,2-dimethylpentaneb. 3-isopropylheptanec. 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexaned. 4,4-diethyloctanearrow_forward
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