Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 3bCP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The diagram of the relaxed or contracted muscle sarcomere and their differences.
Introduction:
Actin and myosin proteins in the muscle fibers regulate the contraction of the muscles. Actin proteins are present in the thin filament also known as I-band or light bands, and myosin protein present in the thick filaments also known as A-band or dark bands. The light and dark bands are present in alternate fashion.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- In a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardOrder the following steps of muscle contraction: Drag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ ||| ||| ||| = ||| ||| ||| ||| ||| calcium binds to troponin inducing conformational change in the troponin/tropomyosin complex myosin head unbinds from actin inorganic phosphate group unbinds from myosin myosin binding sites on actin are exposed and myosin head binds to actin ADP unbinds from myosin and new molecule of ATP binds action potential raises the voltage of the myoblast power stroke occurs sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium causing large influx of calcium into sarcoplasm X X X X X X X Openarrow_forward
- Draw a graph of the isometric force–length relationshipof striated muscle, indicating where maximal overlap betweenactin and myosin filaments occurs.arrow_forwarda) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as it was stretched progressively. b) What effect does stretching the muscle have on contraction strength? Is this effect linear? c) What stretch resulted in the highest contraction force? What happens to the muscle at the highest stretch levels?arrow_forwardWhy do some muscles have larger EMGs than other? Explain what’s happening at the cellular level.arrow_forward
- Muscle Shapes Please label the following muscle types. In the numbers below the photo, list a muscle who is built in that particular muscular shape. Circular 2.convergent SumulAipenhate 4Parallel 7Cnipenate 3Bipennate 5. 1. m Outh 2. pectovalis major 6. 3. 7. 4. Defining Muscle Terms Define the following terms in your own words. AL Isometric: Isotonic: Prime mover Antagonist:arrow_forwardIn a resting (non-contracting) muscle, what is the position of myosin? It is attached to the tropomyosin. It is in the high-energy, cocked position. It is attached to the actin. It is in the low-energy, bent position.arrow_forwardWhat are the difference between red and white muscle?arrow_forward
- What trend do you notice between force generation capability of a muscle and its cross-sectional area? If a muscle has a large cross-sectional area, then its force-producing potential is?arrow_forwardRecognize muscle names based on specificnomenclature rules.arrow_forwardTwo skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?arrow_forward
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