Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 5aCP
Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events from the time ACh is released from a nerve ending to the time
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Compare the rate of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the rate of Ca2+ return back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is true?
The rate of ca2+ returns is faster than the rate of ca2+ release
The rate of ca2+ release is faster than the rate of ca2+ return
Rates of Ca2+ release from and return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum are the same.
Which of the following proteins connects the actin filaments to the Z-band in the sarcomere?
CapZ
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Define The myosin superfamily in humans.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Define myosinarrow_forwardDuring a histological examination of muscle tissue you see a cell that is striated. You determine that it is a cardiac myocyte because it Possesses multiple nuclei per cell O Contains neuromuscular junctions Has intercalated disks with one nucleus per cell Is spindle shaped with a single nucleus Lacks intercalated disksarrow_forwardTroponin C has been mutated such that it cannot bind to calcium. Describe the effect of this mutation on sarcomere shortening in skeletal muscle. A complete answer will describe the normal function of troponin C, the normal process of sarcomere shortening, and will describe the overall effect of the mutation on sarcomere shortening based on troponin C's function and its role in the overall process of sarcomere shortening.arrow_forward
- The condition hyponatremia (hy′-poh-nah-TREE-mee-ah) is characterized by low levels of sodium ions in the blood and extracellular fluid. What do you think would happen to the action potential in the sarcolemma if there were insufficient sodium ions in the extracellular fluid? (Hint: Think about what will happen to the normal gradient of sodium ions in hyponatremia.)arrow_forward2) List the names of the two major Contractile Proteins. Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the ctyoplasm; which contractile protein "floats". 3) Contractions in a muscle cell (or fiber) is always stimulated and intiated by a rapid rise in intrallcellular calcium. Write a brief paragraph or two explaining the differences in the sources of Contraction- causing-Calcium within the 3 different muscle-cell types.arrow_forwardDefine myoblastarrow_forward
- In myogenesis, the assembling sarcomeres are integrated with the extracellular matrix (composed of collagen and laminin), across the plasma membrane (sarcolamina) by the following Integrin-vinculin complex Dystrophin glyco protein complex by actinin that bind collagen and filamin that bind actin filaments a and b a and c b and c none of thesearrow_forwardPut these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind and carry out power strokes. 5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4arrow_forwardWhy is the movement of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum classified as active transport?arrow_forward
- A woman is having an extremely prolonged labor. From her anatomy andphysiology course, she remembers the role of Ca2+ in muscle contractionand asks the doctor to give her a Ca2+ injection to speed the delivery.Explain why the doctor would or would not do as she requests.arrow_forwardOrder the following from smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue.arrow_forwardPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forward
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