Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 4RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The result of stimulation of gamma motor neuron.
Introduction:
A motor neuron is the type of neuron whose cell body is present in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. The fibers project to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to control or regulate the effector organs, muscles or glands.
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Students have asked these similar questions
When a higher voltage is applied to the skeletal muscle, the force of contraction _____ and recruitment of more motor units occurs called ________ summation.
A. increases, spatial
B. increases, temporal
C. decreases, temporal
D. decreases, spatial
Muscle tone is: a. the result of voluntary shortening of the muscle. b. the result of a small amount of involuntary activation of motor units by the nervous system. c. abnormal—a person’s muscles should be relaxed normally. d. present only where there is damage to the nervous system.
Increased frequency of stimulation resulting in increased tension in a motor unit is
A. recruitment
B. spatial summation
C. multiple motor unit summation
D. temporal summation
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- During low intensity, long-duration exercise (long-distance running, for example), fatigue is NOT believed to be caused by: 30. A. The declining levels of muscle glycogen and blood glucose levels. B. The loss of extracellular electrolytes through sweating. C. The partial fatigue of neurons within the Cerebrum. D. The decrease in interstitial temperature observed in active muscle fibers.arrow_forwardA bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.arrow_forwardAll motor neurons release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter except a. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons b. Somatic motor neurons c. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons d. Specific cardiac and smooth muscle fibersarrow_forward
- The contractile response in skeletal muscle A. produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than the muscle contracts isotonically. B. does not last as long as the action potential. C. produces more tension when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically. D. starts after the action potential is over. E. decreases in magnitude with repeated stimulation.arrow_forwardIf a stretch reflex is activated, the muscle will a. lengthen. b. relax. c. shorten. d. none of abovearrow_forwardThe fast fatigable motor units are used predominantly for which of the following activities? a. The action potentials fired by alpha motor neurons become slower. b. Slow twitch muscle fibers show increased myosin ATPase. c. Fast fatigable motor units are recruited before slow twitch motor units. d. None of the answers. e.All of the answers.arrow_forward
- i. Name the specific subdivision of the nervous system that the muscle at arrow A would belong to. ii. Provide the correct name for the tissue in blue at arrow B. iii. Name the abdominopelvic region at arrow C. А C i. i. ii.arrow_forwardA. A hypothetical genetic disease causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the motor end plate. Patients with this disease exhibit varying degrees of muscle weakness. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? Briefly explain the effect that each of these two drugs would have on muscle physiology. B. Megan wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of muscle fibers she needs todevelop and how she should go about it. What types of workouts would you suggest to her? Briefly explain why.arrow_forwardThe action potential of skeletal muscle A. is not essential for contraction. B. is longer than the action potential of cardiac muscle. C. has a prolonged plateau phase. D. causes the immediate uptake of calcium ions into the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. E. spreads inward to all parts of the muscle via the T tubules.arrow_forward
- Which of these statements concerning aging and skeletal muscle iscorrect?a. A loss of muscle fibers occurs with aging.b. Slow-twitch muscle fibers decrease in number faster than fast-twitchmuscle fibers.c. The loss of strength and speed is due mainly to loss of neuromuscular junctions.d. The density of capillaries in skeletal muscle increases.e. The number of motor neurons remains constant.arrow_forwarda. You have read that given that contraction of a muscle fiber is an "all or none" event, similar to firing an action potential in a nerve. How can you explain the graded response? b. What is the possible mechanism behind your observations and results for the difference between nerve stimulation and direct muscle stimulation?arrow_forwardV. Triceps Jerk a Reflex that assesses the nervous tissue between (and including) the C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots. b. It can be elicited by supporting your partner's arm with the elbow flexed at a 90° angle, sharply striking the posterior surface of the upper arm approximately 2 inches above the olecranon (bony "tip" of the elbow). c. Normal response: The triceps should twitch, and the elbow should extend. Label the feedback mechanism for this reflex. THEREH Binepe Incepaarrow_forward
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