Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 17RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The false statement about Ca2+ (calcium ion) release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Introduction:
The membrane of the muscle cells is termed as the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These membranes serve as the store house of Ca2+ that are important for the formation of cross-bridge between the actin-myosin filaments. The cross-bridge results in muscle contraction and the movement occurs in various body parts.
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Which of the following statements is (are) true about lever systems?a. The effort is the origin of the muscle.b. The fulcrum is a joint.c. The resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum in a third-class lever.d. First-class levers are the most common in the human body.e. The quadriceps muscles use a third-class lever to extend the knee.
Which of the following would most likely cause
hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in the arms
Select one:
a. using a computer for most of your job
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c. immobilization due to wearing a cast
d. working out by lifting weights
O
O
O
O
When the length of the muscle stays the same but the force increases during contraction it is referred to as an:
A. Isotonic Contraction
B. Isometric Contraction
C. Isotreppid Contraction
D. Isochronal Contraction
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is most closely associated with which type of muscle action? a. Flurometic b. Isometric c. Anabolic d. Concentric e. Eccentricarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle contraction? O a. Calcium binds troponin specifically on a calcium binding site which then leads to tropomyosin movement O b. The action potential of a motor nerve is transmitted to a muscle fibre through the neuromuscular junction which is a fusion of nerve and muscle cell membranes O c. Fine motor movement/control is a result of recruiting smaller motor units O d. Calcium is pumped into storage soon after it is released to the cytoplasmarrow_forwardWhy might multiple, small motor units be advantageous over a single large motor unit? A. They enable finer control over movements. B. Small motor units contract more rapidly than large motor units. C. Small motor units have greater capacity for strength improvement. D. The strength of contraction can be modulated more easily in small motor units. E. They enable a strong, flexing motion.arrow_forward
- Muscles that oppose each other and produce opposite movements are described as: a. synergistic b. antagonistic c. cooperative d. oppositionalarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the addition of muscle fibers to take part in a contraction? a. summation b. recruitment c. tetany d. twitcharrow_forwardThe following are the basic steps of a muscle contraction: I. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors II. Myosin pulls on actin III. Ca2+ binds to troponin IV. Myosin binds to actin V. Myosin releases actin VI. Ca2+ is released/unbound Which of the following puts the steps above in the correct order?arrow_forward
- An isometric exercise is one in which the joint angle does not change during the application of muscle force. For instance, you can join your hands together, pushing down with one hand and pushing up with the other. In each arm, the muscles that provide the force are connected to the bones of the arm by tendons. If you increase the forces but keep the angles the same, the muscles will still contract. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forwardWhich region of the sarcomere does not change length between muscle relaxation and muscle contraction A. A band B. Z disc C. I Band D. H Zonearrow_forwardPut the following skeletal muscle contraction events in the order that they occur: a. The myosin head swivels toward the center of the sarcomere. b. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin. c. An action potential is propagated along the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. d. Myosin binds to actin, forming crossbridges. e. Myosin heads bind ATP molecules and release from actin. f. Tropomyosin molecules are moved off active sites on actin. g. ATPase splits ATP, providing the energy to reset the myosin head.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT contribute to muscle fatigue?A. K+ accumulation B. ADP and phosphate accumulation C. depleted neurotransmitter D. depleted fuelarrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forward
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