Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 5RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The number of synapses activated within the spinal cord in case of single reflex arc in knee jerk.
Introduction:
Synapse is a junction between two nerve cells. One neuron sends a message to another neuron through the synapse. In case of a chemical synapse, the action potential triggers or stimulates the presynaptic neuron to release or secrete the neurotransmitter. There are two kinds of synapses namely chemical and electrical synapse.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is NOT a reason why a reflex arc is faster than a normal nerve transmission?
a. A reflex arc stimulates the motor neurons for an immediate reaction.
b. A reflex arc does not send information to the brain to be processed.
c. A reflex arc does not involve neurotransmitters.
d. A reflex arc involves fewer neurons.
All of the following are true concerning reflex arcs EXCEPT
A.they involve a few neurons and directly enter and immediately leave the spinal cord
B.they are used to prevent harm
C.they are subconscious and automatic
D.they only use the PNS and not the CNS
Hyporeflexia occurs when normal reflexes are weak but not absent. Damage to which of the following would result in hyporeflexia?
Hyporeflexia occurs when normal reflexes are weak but not absent. Damage to which of the following would result in hyporeflexia?
A.Motor neuron
B. Sensory neuron
C.Skeletal muscle
D. Any of the choices would result in hyporeflexia.
Which option to select..
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- All somatic reflexes share all of the following properties except a. they are quick. b. they are monosynaptic. c. they require stimulation. d. they are involuntary. e. they are stereotyped.arrow_forwardIn which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT which one? A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem. B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system. C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or cranial nerves. D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.arrow_forward
- A patient with poliomyelitis (which characterized by spinal cord damage) has disorder of skeletal muscles function. What neurons were destructed in this disorder? a. Pseudounipolar b. Pseudounipolar and associative (interneurons) c. Associative (interneurons) d. Motor neurons e. Interneurons and motorarrow_forwardWhat neural system is primarily activated when a book is dropped into your outstretched hands with your eyes open? a. Feedback processing controlled by lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. b. None of the answers. c. Modulation of onset responses controlled by the basal ganglia. d. Motor coordination controlled by the cerebellum. e. Feedforward processing controlled by upper motor neurons in the brainstem.arrow_forwardSensory neurons transmit information towards the central nervous system. Which of the following is true concerning the movement of peripheral- information towards the central nervous system? A. Dendrites of the sensory neurons synapse with interneurons of the spinal cord. B. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons of the muscles involved in the spinal reflex. C. Axons of the motor neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord. D. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord.arrow_forward
- When a vigorous pinch excited a dog’s flexor muscle, it decreased excitation of the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington cited this observation as evidence for what? a. Temporal summation b. Spatial summation c. Inhibitory synapsesarrow_forwardThe subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements, is the a. medulla oblongata. b. cerebrum. c. cerebellum. d. diencephalon.arrow_forwardWhat evidence led Sherrington to conclude that transmission at a synapse is different from transmission along an axon? a. Chemicals that alter a synapse are different from those that affect action potentials. b. The velocity of a reflex is slower than the velocity of an action potential. c. Stains and microscopic observations demonstrate a gap at the synapse. d. Reflexes can go in either direction, whereas axons transmit in only one direction.arrow_forward
- Select the statement that best describes the local circuitry of the spinal cord. a. There is no local circuitry within the spinal cord. b. Local circuits enable the same neurons to innervate both distal and proximal muscles. c. Neurons that innervate distal muscles are interconnected across the midline. d. None of the answers. e. Neurons that innervate proximal muscles are interconnected through many spiral cord segments.arrow_forwardThe autonomic nervous system is also called a. voluntary. b. involuntary. c. neuralgic. d. carpal.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a part of the periphrial nervous system (PNS)? a.somatic nervous system b.autonomic nervous system c.sensory neurons d. motor neurons e. spinal cordarrow_forward
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