Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 6RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Type of neuron damaged in spastic paralysis.
Introduction:
Paralysis is a loss of muscle function of the body. It can be a complete paralysis or partial paralysis depending on whether the effect is on one side of the body or on both sides of the body. It can occur in one area of the body or it can be widespread.
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Students have asked these similar questions
All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT
which one?
A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem.
B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system.
C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or
cranial nerves.
D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.
Select the statement that best describes the local circuitry of the spinal cord.
a. There is no local circuitry within the spinal cord.
b. Local circuits enable the same neurons to innervate both distal and proximal muscles.
c. Neurons that innervate distal muscles are interconnected across the midline.
d. None of the answers.
e. Neurons that innervate proximal muscles are interconnected through many spiral cord segments.
Predict the symptoms (both sensory and motor) you might experience if you suffered an injury to each of the following nerves:- a. Median nerve b. Common fibular nerve c. Femoral nerve d. Sciatic nerve e. Ulnar nerve
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Motor neurons are crucial for movement, what would happen if the motor neurons would be destroyed. a. How would this affect our reflexes b. Research illnesses that affect Motor Neuronsarrow_forwardFill in the blankes The somatic motor neurons innervating the __________________ of the lower limbs are located in the _________________ of the spinal cord. A. smooth muscles; lumbar region B. skeletal muscles; cervical region C. skeletal muscles; lumbar region D. skin; cervical regionarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding sciatic nerve is correct? a. Arises from L3/4/5/S1/2 b. Emerges from the lower border of piriformis c. Most commonly divides onto common peroneal and tibial branches in the middle of the hamstring compartment d. Can be injured by intramuscular injections in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock e. Gives no branches in the gluteal compartmentarrow_forward
- Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.a. The spinal cord functions as a relay and processing station.b. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.c. The epidural space around the spinal cord is only a potential space.d. The posterior horn of spinal gray matter contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.e. The corticospinal tracts are the main sensory tracts in the spinal cordarrow_forwardThe tongue tip that protrudes in the midline indicates A. Contraction of both right and left genioglossus muscles B. That both hypoglossal nerves are normal C. That the vagus nerves are normal D. A, B E. B, Carrow_forwardname the covering. a. Fascicle b. Peruneurium c. epineurium d. neurilemma e. endoneuriumarrow_forward
- Where is the anterior (ventral) root located in the sequence of structures through which motor impulses pass as they descent from the brain and leve the spinal cord? A. Between anterior (ventral) gray horn and spinal nerve B. Between spinal nerve and posterior (dorsal) root ganglion C. Between anterior (ventral) gray horn and posterior (dorsal) gray horn D. Between white column and posterior (dorsal) gray hornarrow_forwardsurrounds a bundle of nerve fibers A. Neurium B. Perineurium C. Epineurium D. Endoneurium E. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe sciatic nerve is actually two nerves combined within the samesheath. The two nerves are thea. femoral and obturator.b. femoral and gluteal.c. common fibular (peroneal) and tibial.d. common fibular (peroneal) and obturator.e. tibial and glutealarrow_forward
- Neurologist consulted an elderly patient with complaints about the difficulty of the neck movements, numbness and loss of the right hand sensation. Examination of the patient revealed a deformation of the spine in the lower cervical and upper thoracic part of the spinal cord caused by excessive deposition of calcium salts. What cells dysfunction influences the loss of sensitivity in the hand? a. The neurons of the spinal cord anterior horns b. Pyramidal neurons c. The neurons of the spinal cord lateral horns d. The neurons of the spinal cord posterior horns e. Pseudounipolar neuronsarrow_forwardAn examiner shines a bright light into the patient's left eye. The left pupil constricts and dilates upon withdrawal of the light. The right pupil does not change. The most likely explanation of these findings is damage to which of the following cranial nerves? A. left optic B. right optic C. left oculomotor D. right oculomotor E. left sympathetic trunk F. right sympathetic trunkarrow_forwardDamage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord will most likely affecta. information processing within the spinal cord.b. the stimulation of sensory organs.c. communication between the peripheral nervous system and the brain.d. reflex arcs.arrow_forward
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