Concept explainers
To determine: The appropriate hypothesis regarding the cause of muscle fatigue, as shown in the graph given in the book.
Introduction: Muscle fatigue is a medical condition that is characterized by the decrease in the performance of muscles observed after a period of intense physical activity. It depends on various factors. This condition reduces the performance of an individual during exercise and playing sports. It is caused by the failure to generate and maintain power. In the experiment, four metabolites were tested for their role in causing muscle fatigue. The four metabolites were ATP, lactate, phosphocreatine (PCr), and creatine(Cr). The presence of these metabolites was measured before at rest and then after cycling. The results were represented in the form of a graph.
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- Reflect back on the Muscle Fatigue investigation we did earlier in this Activity. Choose one of your classmate’s interpretation to one of these questions: What happened to your energy & ability to pinch the clothespin as you progressed through each trial? Why? What might cause one to be able to get more squeezes, in other words, to have less fatigue? Explain in terms of biological concepts. Suggest how the amount of ATP produced cause your muscle cells to be less efficient. When did this change in the amount of ATP produced occur in this investigation? How could you tell? Your muscles would probably recover enough after 10 minutes to operate at the original efficiency. Explain why. Show how specific details from the steps of cellular respiration add details to answer this question.arrow_forwardDescribe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis. Which one is activated at the same time as muscle contraction?arrow_forwardDefine hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. Explain skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training (over time, not acute). What are the mechanisms of action? What hormones are involved? What cell signaling occurs to produce hypertrophy? Identify two principles of resistance training and explain how they contribute to skeletal muscle adaptation. Provide at minimum, two reputable resources to back up your claims.arrow_forward
- I do not know which diagram is for this question but please see and answer this question. I need help Question: Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise is true? A: plasma glucose contributes more to energy provision than does muscle glycogen at 85% Vo2 max B: the utilization of fat as an energy source is greatest at the highest exercise intensities e.g. greater than 85% VO2 max C: carbohydrate supplementation during moderately intense exercise (eg. 70-80% VO2 max) can help one to exercise longer until the onset of fatigue D: the greatest amount of glycogen is used at around 65% VO2 maxarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a reason for reduced long-distance running performance in the heat (e.g., 85° F) ? inhibits gluconeogenesis hastens glycogen depletion lowers muscle pH inhibits nerve impulse transmission to the muscle fiberarrow_forwardWhich of the following are TRUE, regarding a period of sustained moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise? (Select ALL that are TRUE) Select 4 correct answer(s) Question options: At the beginning of a period of aerobic exercise, aerobic metabolism increases to meet immediate metabolic demands of exercise. At the beginning of a period of aerobic exercise, anaerobic metabolism increases to meet immediate metabolic demands of exercise. During recovery, following a period of aerobic exercise, anaerobic metabolism increases to meet immediate metabolic demands of post-exercise recovery metabolism. At the beginning of a period of aerobic exercise, lipid metabolism increases to meet the immediate increases in metabolic demands of exercise. At the beginning of a period of aerobic exercise, glucose metabolism increases to meet the immediate increases in metabolic demands of exercise. During…arrow_forward
- 0.75/ Question 20 What is the difference between treppe and tetany? Mark ALL that apply. there is no summation in tetany there is no summation in treppe the contractions successively increase giving a "staircase" image treppe goes away after muscle is fully warmed up treppe is caused by gradual warming of an unstimulated muscle thus increasing diffusion of ions and protein movement needed to cause contractions.arrow_forward* The figure below is called the It shows the amount of tension generated by a muscle and the force of contraction depends on how stretched or contracted it was before it was stimulated. * 100 80 (d) 60 (e) Normal /range 40 (a) 20 1.2 μm 1.6 μm 2.1 μm 2.2 um 2.6μm 3.6 μη Decreased length Increased length Optimal resting length Tension (percent of maximum)arrow_forwardStart by defining RER and explain how and why the resting value is established (think back to bioenergetics). Next, explain how and WHY (again, this requires an understanding of bioenergetics) RER changes as exercise intensity is increased (think VT and RCP). Hints: consider the points where the production of a gas increases drastically and why this occurs. Furthermore, consider that VT is often used to approximate AT. Also keep in mind the endogenous buffering systems.arrow_forward
- During resistance exercise, three factors support muscle hypertrophy they include the following with the EXCEPTION of: muscle contraction hormonal modifications vascular adaptions immunological actionsarrow_forwardWhat is the maximum distance that diffusion is effective for oxygenating a muscle cell? How does the diffusion rate of oxygen play a role in limiting the fiber diameter for oxidative fibers. Use online sources and present answer as equations or graphically, but be sure that the values are expressed in terms of times and dimensions that are relevant for muscle fibers.arrow_forwardThe motor unit firing patterns are measured in a human hand muscle using an electromyography (EMG) recording. Which one of the following statements is the best description of the EMG pattern observed as the individual voluntarily attempts to make a low-level force of contraction in the muscle and steadily increases the force of contraction? Low amplitude spikes visible on the EMG trace at low force. Larger amplitude spikes become visible with increasing force of contraction. Low frequency of small amplitude spikes on the EMG trace at low force. Spike frequency and amplitude increase with increasing force. A large single deflection in the trace as the individual contracts the muscle. The deflection gets larger with increasing force. Low frequency of spikes on the EMG trace at low force. The frequency of spikes becomes more frequent with increasing force.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningLifetime Physical Fitness & WellnessHealth & NutritionISBN:9781337677509Author:HOEGERPublisher:Cengage