Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 12, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms except few viruses. It is a double-stranded structure that is present inside the chromosome. It consists of coded genetic material in the form of nucleotides that play an essential role in controlling all the traits of the organism.
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During DNA replication:
A. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a complementary strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand.
B. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a similar strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand.
C. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a similar strand. Each new DNA helix has two new strands.
D. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of an identical strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand.
What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?
a
There are different DNA polymerases involved in elongation of the leading strand and the lagging strand.
b
The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' → 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' → 3' direction.
c
The leading strand requires an RNA primer, whereas the lagging strand does not.
d
The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' → 5' direction in a discontinuous fashion, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' → 3' direction in a continuous fashion.
Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - Which do you think would be more difficult to...Ch. 12.1 - If viral genetic material had the same structure...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 12.2 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin The sequence of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.3 - describe the process of DNA replication, including...Ch. 12.3 - explain why DNA replication is called...Ch. 12.3 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin "Double-muscled"...Ch. 12.4 - How Much Genes Influence Athletic Prowess?
Ch. 12.4 - explain what mutations are and how they occur?Ch. 12.4 - explain why mutations are rare?Ch. 12.4 - describe the different types of mutations?Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 12 - If a parental DNA strand has the base sequence...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12 - The rungs of the DNA double helix consist of a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 5MCCh. 12 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Describe the structure of DNA. Where are the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Describe the process of DNA replication.Ch. 12 - How do mutations occur? Describe the principal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1ACCh. 12 - Genetic information is encoded in the sequence of...
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- Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide a. I only b. II only c. I and IV d. III and IVarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements accurately describes the process of DNA replication? A. The two strands of DNA separate, and a single new strand is synthesized using the existing strand as a template. B. The two strands of DNA separate and serves as a template, and the daughter molecule will have a mix of an old and new strand. C. The two strands of DNA separate and serves as a template, and the daughter molecule will have one old strand and one new strand. D. The two strands of DNA separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of multiple new complementary strands.arrow_forwardPlace the following steps of DNA replication and repair in the correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. a. A template strand begins to be replicated. b. If the incorrect base is not identified and replaced, it remains as a point mutation in the DNA. c. DNA polymerase identifies and replaces most incorrect bases with the correct base, complementary to the base on the template strand. d. An incorrect base is added to the growing strand of DNA. e. Proteins identify and replace any incorrect bases missed by DNA polymerase.arrow_forward
- DNA replication involves a series of steps, including initiation, making primers, extension, and connecting DNA fragments. The cell uses different enzymes in a particular order to accomplish these steps. Which of the following represents the correct general order of enzyme use? A. DNA polymerases, helicase, primase, ligase B. Helicase, ligase, primase, DNA polymerases C. Helicase, primase, DNA polymerases, ligase D. Primase, helicase, DNA polymerases, ligasearrow_forwardDetermine whether each statement isTRUE or FALSE.a. In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions.b. The bonds between the sugars and phosphates are broken during DNA replication.c. The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis progresses away from the replication fork.d. Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one new strand.e. The difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized is due to DNA polymerase adding new nucleotides only to the 3’ end of a growing strand, and the strands are anti-parallel.arrow_forwardDNA replication is said to be semiconservative becausea. each new DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old one.b. every other new DNA molecule contains two old strands.c. each new DNA strand contains two new strands.d. every other new DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old one.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is not true? Explain why. A. A DNA strand can serve as a template strand on many occasions. B. Following semiconservative DNA replication, one strand is a newly made daughter strand and the other strand is a parental strand. C. A DNA double helix may contain two strands of DNA that were made at the same time. D. A DNA double helix obeys the AT/GC rule. E. A DNA double helix could contain one strand that is 10 generations older than its complementary strand.arrow_forwardwhen a cell to divide, its DNA must be replicated (copied). a.List the most important participating components and their functions in replication b.why is it important that the replication goes right and that relatively few mutations occur during the replication? c.Will the offspring of the individual who received a mutation inherit the mutationarrow_forwardIllustrate some steps involved in DNA replication :Suppose the following base sequence was found in a segment of one strand of a DNA molecule: 3’ A-A-T-A-C-C-T-C-C-T-A-A-C-T 5’ What would be the bases in the complementary strand? Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends. Illustrate the DNA molecule below. Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends of both strands. Separate the above DNA molecule up to the seventh base. Add one primer for the leading strand complementary to the first base Adenine of the template strand. Add one primer for the lagging strand complementary to the seventh base Adenine of the template strand. Illustrate the DNA molecule. Label the 3’ and 5’ ends. Elongate the new strands up the seventh base by adding DNA bases complementary to the template strand. Illustrate the resulting DNA molecule. Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends of the template strands and the complementary strands. Elongate the new strands up the seventh base by adding DNA bases complementary to the template strand. Illustrate…arrow_forward
- 5) In DNA replication, which of the following events happens during both leading and lagging strand synthesis? a. RNA primers help initiate DNA synthesis. b. Topoisomerase separates complementary strands of DNA. c. Ligase joins together multiple Okazaki fragments. d. DNA polymerase synthesizes a single, continuous strand of DNA. Explain WHY? 6) Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which radioactive thymine has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the presence of this radioactive base? a. One of the daughter cells, but not the other, would have radioactive DNA. b. Neither of the two daughter cells would be radioactive. c. All four bases of the DNA would be radioactive. d. DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive. Explain WHY?arrow_forwarda. unwinds the DNA helix b. stabilizes and stops the two strands from annealing (rebinding with each other) c. recoils the DNA d. cleaves both strands of DNA to relieve tension at supercoils e. places RNA primers at their proper location on the template strands f. acts as starting points for DNA polymerase g. adds DNA nucleotides to form new DNA strands h. forms phosphodiester bonds to join Okazaki fragments Esc 1. single-strand binding protein 2. helicase 3. DNA ligase 4. RNA primer 5. gyrase 6. DNA polymerase 53°F Cloudy 3 Q Search $ F5 FRarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The repair polymerase is the enzyme that proofreads the newly synthesized strands to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication. B. There is a single enzyme that degrades the RNA primers and lays down the corresponding DNA sequence behind it. C. DNA ligase is required to seal the sugar-phosphate backbone between all the DNA fragments on the lagging strand. D. The repair polymerase does not require the aid of the sliding clamp, because it is only synthesizing DNA over very short stretches. Answer the following questions about DNA replication. On a DNA strand that is being synthesized, which end is growing the 3' end, the 5' end, or both ends? Explain your answer. А. B. On a DNA strand that is being used as a template, where is the copying occurring relative to the replication origin-3' of the origin, 5', or both?arrow_forward
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