Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 12.3, Problem 1CSC
Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin
"Double-muscled" cattle were first reported in the early 1800s. Sometime in the late 1700s or early 1800s, a mutation must have occurred in the myostatin gene of the Belgian Blue ancestor, changing the
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A large portion of the human genome is transposons. Collectively, they are most likely:
A) an equal mix of DNA and retrotransposons
B) mostly DNA transposons because they are found in DNA
C) mostly retrotransposons because they copy themselves each time they move
D) mostly DNA transposons because they can cut themselves out
Figure shows a part of the sequence alignment of human and whale myoglobin proteins. Please explain the difference between green- and yellow-colored mutations. Which mutations have higher probability to change the function of protein, why?
The diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can
affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected
for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel.
Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A?
--4
ТАТАА
AUG
UAA
Only known
regulatory
region
TSS
Mutation B:
Mutation C.
A: 5-base
20 nucleotides
3 nucleotides
deletion
deleted
changed
N
1
2
3
4 5
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - Which do you think would be more difficult to...Ch. 12.1 - If viral genetic material had the same structure...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 12.2 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin The sequence of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.3 - describe the process of DNA replication, including...Ch. 12.3 - explain why DNA replication is called...Ch. 12.3 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin "Double-muscled"...Ch. 12.4 - How Much Genes Influence Athletic Prowess?
Ch. 12.4 - explain what mutations are and how they occur?Ch. 12.4 - explain why mutations are rare?Ch. 12.4 - describe the different types of mutations?Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 12 - If a parental DNA strand has the base sequence...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12 - The rungs of the DNA double helix consist of a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 5MCCh. 12 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Describe the structure of DNA. Where are the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Describe the process of DNA replication.Ch. 12 - How do mutations occur? Describe the principal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1ACCh. 12 - Genetic information is encoded in the sequence of...
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- The diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel. Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A? 00000 I lane 1 lane 2 lane 3 lane 4 lane 5 TATAA Mutation A. Deletion of indicated 2 nucleotides AUG TSS Mutation B. Deletion of 150 nucleotides N 1 2 3 4 5 UAA Mutation C. 3 nucleotides changedarrow_forwardThe diagram shown represents the coding strand of the myosin gene. Mutations in myosin can lead to muscle defects during development. Using what you know about how mutations can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, match the results shown on the Northern (mature mRNA) to the mutations shown. The N lane shows the size and amount expected for non-mutated myosin mRNA. All samples were loaded at the top (-) side of the gel. Part 1. Which lane or lanes on the gel could be the result of mutation A? ТАТА AUG UAA Only known regulatory region TSS Mutation B: Mutation C. 3 nucleotides 20 nucleotides deleted A: 5-base deletion changed 1 2 4 5 lane 1 lane 2 lane 3 lane 4 lane 5 OOO0Oarrow_forwardA mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. All BUT ONE of the statements below correctly describes or explains genetic mutations. A) Mutation can disrupt normal cell activity and cause diseases, like cancer. B) Mutations in parents' cells are then passed down to offspring via reproduction. C) Our cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it permanent. D) Mutations can occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, toxins and radiation.arrow_forward
- Some bacteria might be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Do you think there would be an evolutionary advantage of this ability? Explain.arrow_forward32. A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of weakness and muscle pain after vigorous exercise. His mother, sister, and grandmother have a similar condition; however, his father's sister and her children are unaffected. A muscle biopsy specimen shows ragged red fibers. This condition most likely results from a mutation in a gene located in which of the following labeled structures in the photomicrograph? 00 O O A) B) E) B A E D C ARarrow_forwardSuppose that a mutation resulted in a tapeworm that did not have hooks. Assuming this tapeworm was a human parasite, what is the most likely explanation of the effect might this have? The tapeworm would spread throughout the human body. The tapeworm would complete its entire life cycle inside the human host. The tapeworm would not remain in the digestive tract very long. The tapeworm would not be able to enter the human body. The tapeworm would reproduce more to compensate for a lack of hooks.arrow_forward
- Suppose a mutation affects an enzyme that is required to repair the damage to DNA caused by the loss of purine bases. the loss of a purine occurs about 5000 times in the DNA of each of your cells per day. as the average difference in DNA sequence between humans and chimpanzees is about 1%, how long will it take you to turn into an ape? What is wrong with this argument?arrow_forwardAn original mutation, one that has never been seen before, has just occurred in a body cell. What will determine if this mutation affects the organism?.arrow_forwardIn the DNA of what kind of cell must a mutation occur for the genetic change to be passed down to future generations?arrow_forward
- When the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in the human cells that there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardOther than obvious changes in protein-encoding Neanderthal genes, changes in what type of non-coding DNA sequences would affect cell function? A) Alu family of repeated sequences B) Short tandem repeats (STRs) C) Protein factors that regulate gene expression D) Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)arrow_forwardSuppose that a gene has a mutation that changes one nucleotide. Compared to the protein produced from the non-mutated gene, the protein produced from this mutated gene has one different amino acid. This newly altered protein provides enhanced resistance to tetracycline (an antibiotic). This type of mutation would be classified as aarrow_forward
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