a. To determine: The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment. Introduction: The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Question

DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. Identify and label the exons and introns in this hybridized structure.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

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DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. Identify and label the exons and introns in this hybridized structure.

This problem investigates issues encountered in sequencing the inserts in cDNA libraries.a. If you sequenced many clones individually, wouldn’tyou spend many of your resources inefficiently sequencing cDNAs for the same type of mRNA molecule over and over again? Explain. Does thisapparently inefficient process provide any useful information beyond the sequences of individual mRNAs?b. Suppose that you identified a clone with a cDNA insert that was 4 kb long. You could determine the entire sequence of the clone by shearing the DNA intosmall random fragments, cloning these fragments intoa vector to make a mini-shotgun library, and then sequencing hundreds of these clones to allow the computer to assemble the full sequence of the 4 kb–longinsert. However, this procedure would be inefficient.An alternative that requires many fewer sequencing reactions is called primer walking. This techniqueinvolves the synthesis of additional oligonucleotideprimers corresponding to cDNA sequences you…

Shown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic messenger RNA with DNA from a genomic clone containing the full-length gene corresponding to the mRNA. (a) How many exons does the gene contain? How many introns? (b) Where in this structure would you expect to find a 5′,5′-internucleotide bond? Where would you expect to find a polyadenylic acid sequence?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 5P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The sequence that is genomic fragment and the sequence that is cDNA fragment.

Introduction:

The short sequences of DNA that are obtained from the genome of an organism are termed as genomic fragments. The fragments of complementary DNA that are stored in the cDNA library are termed as cDNA fragments.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The RNA like strand of the genomic fragment and to represent vertical lines between exon and introns.

Introduction:

The genetic material of eukaryotes is composed of two parts. These are introns and exons. The coding parts of DNA that encode for amino acids are termed as exons. However, the non-coding parts that do not encode for amino acids are termed as introns. The prokaryotes are composed of only the exons. They do not contain introns.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The sequence features important for RNA splicing that is missing.

Introduction:

The mRNA contains both introns and exons. The exons encode for the amino acids while the introns do not encode for amino acids. They introns inhibit the synthesis of proteins. The process by which all introns are removed from mRNA is termed as RNA splicing.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The amino acid sequence of protein product of the gene.

Introduction:

The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA. These codons attach with the anticodon part of tRNA to synthesize amino acid. The anticodon part of tRNA is complementary to the codon part of mRNA. As a result, these two join together and undergo a translation process to produce amino acids.

Answer 14

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Ch. 10 - Prob. 1P Ch. 10 - List three independent techniques you could use to...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.2a has numbers indicating the...Ch. 10 - Which of the enzymes from the following list would...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5P Ch. 10 - a. What sequence information about a gene is...Ch. 10 - Why do geneticists studying eukaryotic organisms...Ch. 10 - Consider three different kinds of human libraries:...Ch. 10 - The human genome has been sequenced, but we still...Ch. 10 - This problem investigates issues encountered in...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the genomic and cDNA fragments are longer than the eukaryotes' genomes. The RNA polymerase is the enzyme that converts the double-stranded DNA into a

Chapter 10 Solutions