Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 3PDQ
Discuss the reasons why proteins were generally favored over DNA as the genetic material before 1940. What was the role of the tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Erwin Chargaff conducted several studies on the base composition of DNA. The data in Table
1 shows the molar properties of bases in the nucleic acid from six different living organisms.
Nucleic acid
Yeast
Paracentrotus
lividus
Herring
Rat
Human
Species Z
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Adenine
31.3
32.8
27.8
28.6
30.7
30.9
Table 1
Percentage (%)
Thymine
32.9
32.1
27.5
28.4
31.2
29.4
Guanine
18.7
17.7
22.2
21.4
19.3
?
Cytosine
17.1
18.4
22.6
21.5
18.8
?
A+G
G+C
1.79
1.85
1.23
1.33
1.62
?
What are the percentage of Guanine and Cytosine in Species Z?
Which organism has the higher melting point for its DNA structure compared to Species
7.?
Explain why DNA in the presence of salt will have a higher melting temperature (Tm).
Discuss the reasons proteins were generally favored over DNA as the genetic material before 1940. What was the role of the tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy?
With regard to Chargaff’s experiment described in Figure shown,answer the following:A. What is the purpose of paper chromatography?B. Explain why it is necessary to remove the bases in order todetermine the base composition of DNA.C. Would Chargaff’s experiments have been convincing if theyhad been done on DNA from only one species? Discuss.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY |Zigs and zags of the smallpox virus...Ch. 9 -
CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox...Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox...Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox virus...Ch. 9 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we have...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 160. Most...Ch. 9 - Discuss the reasons why proteins were generally...Ch. 9 -
4. Contrast the various contributions made to our...Ch. 9 - When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what...Ch. 9 - Why were 32P and 35S chosen in the Hershey–Chase...
Ch. 9 - Does the design of the Hershey-Chase experiment...Ch. 9 - What observations are consistent with the...Ch. 9 - What are the exceptions to the general rule that...Ch. 9 -
10. Draw the chemical structure of the three...Ch. 9 - How are the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the...Ch. 9 - Adenine may also be named 6–amino purine. How...Ch. 9 -
13. Draw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide...Ch. 9 - Describe the various characteristics of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 9 - What might Watson and Crick have concluded, had...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 9 -
23. Why is Tm related to base composition?
Ch. 9 - What is the chemical basis of molecular...Ch. 9 - What did the Watson–Crick model suggest about the...Ch. 9 - A genetics student was asked to draw the chemical...Ch. 9 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 9 -
28. One of the most common spontaneous lesions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 29PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 30PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 31PDQCh. 9 -
32. During electrophoresis, DNA molecules can...Ch. 9 - Assume that you are interested in separating short...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Chemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample contains A, U, C, and G. Is this DNA or RNA? Why?arrow_forwardWhy is it improbable that proteins needed for DNA structure, for example, form spontaneously from random amino acids?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT describe DNA as it occurs in Eukaryotic cells. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: 1. nitrogenous bases of opposite strands are paired through covalent bonds 2. base pairs are stacked 3.4 A (0.34 nm) apart 3. the two strands of one double helix are complementary 4. two long polynucleotide chains 5. there are 20 base pairs per each turn of a double helix 6. adenine pairs with thymine of the neighboring nucleotide in a single DNA strand 7. bases face outside of the double helix 8. consecutive nucleotides of a single DNA strand are linked by hydrogen bonds 9. here are A-T and G-C pairs in DNA double helix 10. sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand is formed by linking deoxyribose units and phosphate groups through phosphodiester bonds 11. the two strands of one helix are antiparallel 12.double helix 13. the larger major groove alternates with the smaller minor groove along the length of the double stranded DNA I tried 2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13 together and got it…arrow_forward
- The following is diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide. Carbons exist at corners on the shapes and phosphate groups are filled circles. A. Is this a DNA or an RNA Molecule? B. Where is the 3’ end of this tetranucleotide? C. Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’-ACAG-3’, where are the expected bases?arrow_forwardA double-stranded DNA molecule is 1 cm long, and the percentage of adenine is 15%. How many cytosines does this DNA molecule contain?arrow_forwardWhat observations are consistent with the conclusion that DNA serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes? List and discuss them.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding the 5’ vs. the 3’ end of a strand of DNA? a) only double-stranded DNA can have a 5' and a 3' end b) 5' and 3' are designations of the carbon in the deoxyribose of a nucleotide that is not bound to another deoxyribose or phosphate group c) 5' and 3' are designations of the DNA base that is unbound to another base d) The 5' end of DNA is always considered the start of the gene and the 3' end is considered the endarrow_forwardWhen Chargaff was performing his experiments, the tetranucleotide hypothesis, which stated that DNA was composed of GACT nucleotide repeats, was the most widely accepted view of DNA’s composition. How did Chargaff disprove this hypothesis?arrow_forwarda) Explain the effect of the guanine:cytosine ratio on melting temperature of DNA. b) The Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA is the genetic material and not protein. Explain in detatil how this experiment was conducted.arrow_forward
- Name the bases in the pentanucleotide with the sequence G-A-U-C-A. Does this come from RNA or DNA? Explain.arrow_forwardWhile trying to determine the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick at one point proposed that like bases are bonded to like bases. For example, thymine would be bonded to thymine, cytosine would be bonded to cytosine, and so on. Explain why this proposed model would not fit based on what was discovered to be true about DNA.arrow_forwardWhich one of these facts would NOT be needed in order to determine the correct base sequence from the image of DNA in the question above? Adenine and guanine are purines with a two-ring chemical structure. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines with a one-ring chemical structure. Adenine pairs only with thymine using two hydrogen-bonds. Cytosine pairs only with guanine using three hydrogen-bonds. All of the facts above are needed.arrow_forward
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