Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 32PDQ
During electrophoresis, DNA molecules can easily be separated according to size because all DNA molecules have the same charge–mass ratio and the same shape (long rod). Would you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during electrophoresis? Why or why not?
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Gel electrophoresis drives DNA along an electrical current from a negative electrode to a positive electrode. This is because DNA is a negatively charged molecule. Do you think that gel electrophoresis would function differently if DNA was positively charged? How so? Why?
How Can Fragments of DNA Be Separated From One Another?
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate DNA fragments based on their sizes. DNA is an acid and has many
negative electrical charges due to the negatively charged phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Scientists have used this fact to modify
chromatography to separate pieces of DNA. A solution containing a mixture of DNA fragments of variable sizes is placed into a
small well formed in an agarose gel (that has a texture similar to gelatin). An electric current causes the negatively-charged DNA
molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Imagine the gel as a strainer with tiny pores that allow small particles to move
through it very quickly. The larger the size of the particles, however, the slower they are strained through the gel. After a period of
exposure to the electrical current, the DNA fragments will sort themselves out by size. Fragments that are the same size will tend
to move together through the gel…
Which of the following correctly describes a possible scenario during a run of gel electrophoresis with
DNA samples?
Because DNA molecules are positively-charged due to the phosphate groups in their backbone,
DNA fragements will migrate from the anode to the cathode.
Because DNA molecules are negatively-charged due to the phosphate groups in their backbone,
DNA fragments will migrate from the anode to the cathode.
O Shorter fragments of DNA are lighter. Hence, they move faster through the gel and travel the
farthest from the wells.
Larger fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and travel the farthest from the wells.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY |Zigs and zags of the smallpox virus...Ch. 9 -
CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox...Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox...Ch. 9 - CASE STUDY | Zigs and zags of the smallpox virus...Ch. 9 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we have...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 160. Most...Ch. 9 - Discuss the reasons why proteins were generally...Ch. 9 -
4. Contrast the various contributions made to our...Ch. 9 - When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what...Ch. 9 - Why were 32P and 35S chosen in the Hershey–Chase...
Ch. 9 - Does the design of the Hershey-Chase experiment...Ch. 9 - What observations are consistent with the...Ch. 9 - What are the exceptions to the general rule that...Ch. 9 -
10. Draw the chemical structure of the three...Ch. 9 - How are the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the...Ch. 9 - Adenine may also be named 6–amino purine. How...Ch. 9 -
13. Draw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide...Ch. 9 - Describe the various characteristics of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 9 - What might Watson and Crick have concluded, had...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 9 -
23. Why is Tm related to base composition?
Ch. 9 - What is the chemical basis of molecular...Ch. 9 - What did the Watson–Crick model suggest about the...Ch. 9 - A genetics student was asked to draw the chemical...Ch. 9 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 9 -
28. One of the most common spontaneous lesions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 29PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 30PDQCh. 9 - Prob. 31PDQCh. 9 -
32. During electrophoresis, DNA molecules can...Ch. 9 - Assume that you are interested in separating short...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How many times wider is a 30 nm fiber than a DNA double helix? Show your work.arrow_forwardDuring electrophoresis, DNA molecules can easily be separatedaccording to size because all DNA molecules have the samecharge–mass ratio and the same shape (long rod). Would youexpect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNAduring electrophoresis? Why or why not?arrow_forwardA piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane. What is it about the chemistry of DNA that causes it to be uniformly negatively charged?arrow_forward
- A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane. What if you had two different DNA fragments that were exactly the same length as measured in base-pairs. Would it be possible to distinguish them using this type of electrophoresis? How would they appear on a gel?arrow_forwardDuring agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied? because DNA is negatively charged because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA because DNA is positively charged because DNA absorbs electricityarrow_forwardWhen DNA is heated sufficiently, the strands separate. The energy that it takes to separate the DNA is related to the amount of guanine and cytosine bases. Why is this so? (A) Adenine and thymine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and guanine and cytosine don't make any hydrogen bonds. (B) Guanine and cytosine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and adenine and thymine don't make any hydrogen bonds. (C) It takes more energy to break an A-T bond than it does a G-C bond. (D) It takes more energy to break a G-C bond than it does an A-T bond.arrow_forward
- Since DNA is a hydrophillicmoelcule, it cannot pass through cell membranes. Name and explain the technique with which the DNA is forced into (ii) a bacterial cell (ii) a plant cell (iii) an animal cell.arrow_forwardIllustrate some steps involved in DNA replication :Suppose the following base sequence was found in a segment of one strand of a DNA molecule: 3’ A-A-T-A-C-C-T-C-C-T-A-A-C-T 5’ What would be the bases in the complementary strand? Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends. Illustrate the DNA molecule below. Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends of both strands. Separate the above DNA molecule up to the seventh base. Add one primer for the leading strand complementary to the first base Adenine of the template strand. Add one primer for the lagging strand complementary to the seventh base Adenine of the template strand. Illustrate the DNA molecule. Label the 3’ and 5’ ends. Elongate the new strands up the seventh base by adding DNA bases complementary to the template strand. Illustrate the resulting DNA molecule. Label the 3’ and the 5’ ends of the template strands and the complementary strands. Elongate the new strands up the seventh base by adding DNA bases complementary to the template strand. Illustrate…arrow_forwardDuring the synthesis of a DNA molecule, nucleotides are added sequentially to the growing DNA molecule via bonds between the previously added nucleotide and the next nucleotide. The figure below illustrates a partial strand of a DNA molecule. W, X, Y, and Z denote differ- ent chemical bonds on the DNA strand. 5' end OH 0-P-0 A W B X с o Y 0 3' end The molecular structure of a DNA strand D Z OP 0 0X CH, -0- Which of the four labeled bonds was last to form during DNA synthesis? W CH, OHarrow_forward
- Why do longer DNA molecules move more slowlythan shorter ones during electrophoresis?arrow_forwardThe two strands of a DNA double helix can be separated by heating. If you raise the temperature of a solution containing the three DNA molecules below, in what order do you think these DNAs will "melt"? Explain 1)5’-GCGGGCCAGCCCGAGTGGGTAGCCCAGG-3’ 3’-CGCCCGGTCGGGCTCACCCATCGGGTCC-5’ 2) 5’-ATTATAAAATATTTAGATACTATATTTACAA-3’ 3’-TAATATTTTATAAATCTATGATATAAATGTT-5’ 3) 5’-AGAGCTAGATCGAT-3’ 3’-TCTCGATCTAGCTA-5’arrow_forwardWhat does the 260 nm light detect when measuring the purity of a DNA sample? Please select the single answer that is most correct. DNA RNA Proteins The sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA The heterocyclic rings of the DNAarrow_forward
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