Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 3P
Several lines of experimental evidence pointed to a triplet genetic code. Identify three pieces of information that supported the triplet hypothesis of genetic code structure.
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Knowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human β-globin gene (Shown in Figure 17.11) into bacterial cells, hoping the cells will express it and synthesize functional β-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is nonfunctional and is found to contain many fewer amino acids than does β-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 9 - 9.1 Some proteins are composed of two or more...Ch. 9 - In the experiments that deciphered the genetic...Ch. 9 - 9.3 Several lines of experimental evidence pointed...Ch. 9 - Outline the events that occur during initiation of...Ch. 9 - 9.5 A portion of a DNA template strand has the...Ch. 9 - Describe three features of tRNA molecules that...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7PCh. 9 - For each of the anticodon sequences given in the...Ch. 9 - What is the role of codons UAA, UGA and UAG in...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the composition and structure...
Ch. 9 - Consider translation of the following mRNA...Ch. 9 - Prob. 12PCh. 9 - Third-base wobble allows some tRNAs to recognize...Ch. 9 - The genetic code contains 61 codons to specify the...Ch. 9 - 9.15 The three major forms of (,, and ) interact...Ch. 9 - The accompanying figure contains sufficient...Ch. 9 - 9.17 The line below represents a mature eukaryotic...Ch. 9 - 9.18. After completing Problem, carefully draw a...Ch. 9 - 9.19 Define and describe the differences in the...Ch. 9 - 9.20. Describe the roles and relationships...Ch. 9 - 9.21 In an experiment to decipher the genetic...Ch. 9 - Identify and describe the steps that lead to the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23PCh. 9 - Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed...Ch. 9 - 9.25 An experiment by Khorana and his colleagues...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26PCh. 9 - 9.27 The mature transcribed from the human gene is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 28PCh. 9 - Prob. 29PCh. 9 - Prob. 30PCh. 9 - 9.31 A portion of the coding strand of for a gene...Ch. 9 - A eukaryotic mRNA has the following sequence. The...Ch. 9 - Diagram a eukaryotic gene containing three exons...Ch. 9 - Prob. 34PCh. 9 - 9.35 Table lists and gene sequences for or ...Ch. 9 - Prob. 36PCh. 9 - In terms of the polycistronic composition of mRNAs...Ch. 9 - Prob. 38PCh. 9 - 9.39 Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 9 - 9.40 for each of the following anticodon...Ch. 9 - Prob. 41PCh. 9 - Prob. 42P
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- Assuming the genetic code is a triplet, what effect would the addition or loss of two nucleotides have on the reading frame? The addition or loss of three, six, or nine nucleotides?arrow_forwardExplain the reasoning establishing that a sequence of three nucleotides (a triplet codon) is the basic unit of the code relating DNA to protein?arrow_forwardAn important validation of the genetic code occurred when George Streisinger determined the amino acid sequence of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and of mu- tants induced by proflavin, a dye with a planar structure that can intercalate (fit) between successive base pairs in DNA and induce frameshift mutations- that is, mutations involving additions or deletions of a single base. Streisinger and colleagues found that a particular single-base insertion mutation could be suppressed, with wild-type function restored, by a mutation that evidently involved a single-base deletion at a nearby site. Shown below are portions of the amino acid sequence of wild-type T4 lysozyme and the putative double mutant. The remaining parts of the sequence were unchanged. Identify MRNA sequences that could encode each of these amino acid sequences and deter- mine whether your codon assignments are consistent with the genetic code. Wild-type ... Lys-Ser-Pro-Ser-Leu-Asn-Ala. .. Double mutant - ..…arrow_forward
- What is meant by the statement “The genetic code is universal”? What is the significance of this finding?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forwardYou have isolated a fragment of viral DNA that supposedly encodes for two proteins, 196 and 220 amino acids long respectively. The isolated DNA fragment is found to be 1100 base pairs in length. Argue why is the isolated DNA cannot code the two proteins identified earlier?arrow_forward
- Define the following terms as they apply to the genetic code: a. Reading frame b. Overlapping code c. Nonoverlapping code d. Initiation codon e. Termination codon f. Sense codon g. Nonsense codon h. Universal code i. Nonuniversal codons 6. How is the reading frame of a nucleotide sequence set?arrow_forwardWhy can the genetic code be qualified as a “degenerate code”?arrow_forwardShown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic messenger RNA with DNA from a genomic clone containing the full-length gene corresponding to the mRNA. (a) How many exons does the gene contain? How many introns? (b) Where in this structure would you expect to find a 5′,5′-internucleotide bond? Where would you expect to find a polyadenylic acid sequence?arrow_forward
- What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?arrow_forwardConsider the following wild-type double-stranded DNA sequence: 5' TATGAA AGT3 non-transcribed strand (sense strand) 5' 3' ATACTTTCA transcribed strand In the space below, write ONE of the possible DNA sequences of the transcribed strand shown above that results from BOTH a single substitution mutation of the first codon following the start codon that would also cause a nonsense mutation. Use the mRNA codon chart in the Appendix of your manual to help you. Answer: Checkarrow_forwardThe alpha chain of human hemoglobin has 141 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. Calculate the minimum number of bases on DNA necessary to code for the alpha chain. Include in your calculation the bases necessary for specifying termination of polypeptide synthesis.arrow_forward
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