Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 15P
The three major forms of
Describe the role each form of
Which of the three types of
Which form of
Compared to the average stability of
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The 3 major forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA) interact during translation.
b) Which of the 3 types of RNA might you expect to be the least stable? Why?
c) Compared to the average stability of mRNA in E.coli, is mRNA in a typical human cell more stable or less stable? Why?
The genetic code was solved partly by the use of in vitro systems to translate synthetic RNAs into peptides. In these systems, ribosomes, amino acids, and buffers that support translation are added and there is no control of where translation begins. AAA = Lys; AUA = Ile; AAU = Asn; UAA = stop. What peptides would NOT be produced in an in vitro system if the following oligonucleotide were added:
AAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAA
Select one:
a) Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys
b) Lys-Lys-Ile-Lys-Lys
c) Lys-Lys-Asn-Lys-Lys
The 3 major forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA) interact during translation.
b)Which of the 3 types of RNA might you expect to be the least stable? Why?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 9 - 9.1 Some proteins are composed of two or more...Ch. 9 - In the experiments that deciphered the genetic...Ch. 9 - 9.3 Several lines of experimental evidence pointed...Ch. 9 - Outline the events that occur during initiation of...Ch. 9 - 9.5 A portion of a DNA template strand has the...Ch. 9 - Describe three features of tRNA molecules that...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7PCh. 9 - For each of the anticodon sequences given in the...Ch. 9 - What is the role of codons UAA, UGA and UAG in...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the composition and structure...
Ch. 9 - Consider translation of the following mRNA...Ch. 9 - Prob. 12PCh. 9 - Third-base wobble allows some tRNAs to recognize...Ch. 9 - The genetic code contains 61 codons to specify the...Ch. 9 - 9.15 The three major forms of (,, and ) interact...Ch. 9 - The accompanying figure contains sufficient...Ch. 9 - 9.17 The line below represents a mature eukaryotic...Ch. 9 - 9.18. After completing Problem, carefully draw a...Ch. 9 - 9.19 Define and describe the differences in the...Ch. 9 - 9.20. Describe the roles and relationships...Ch. 9 - 9.21 In an experiment to decipher the genetic...Ch. 9 - Identify and describe the steps that lead to the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23PCh. 9 - Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed...Ch. 9 - 9.25 An experiment by Khorana and his colleagues...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26PCh. 9 - 9.27 The mature transcribed from the human gene is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 28PCh. 9 - Prob. 29PCh. 9 - Prob. 30PCh. 9 - 9.31 A portion of the coding strand of for a gene...Ch. 9 - A eukaryotic mRNA has the following sequence. The...Ch. 9 - Diagram a eukaryotic gene containing three exons...Ch. 9 - Prob. 34PCh. 9 - 9.35 Table lists and gene sequences for or ...Ch. 9 - Prob. 36PCh. 9 - In terms of the polycistronic composition of mRNAs...Ch. 9 - Prob. 38PCh. 9 - 9.39 Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 9 - 9.40 for each of the following anticodon...Ch. 9 - Prob. 41PCh. 9 - Prob. 42P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type (non-mutant) allele (version) produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon GAA, and is charged with the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu). The mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but it recognizes the codon UAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells? How will the proteins produced be different? Speculate: is this mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful?arrow_forwardThe 3 major forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA) interact during translation. a) Describe the role of each form of RNA during translation.arrow_forwardConsider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order. TRANSLATION: 1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite2. two amino acids join together.3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are insertedarrow_forward
- What kind of bond is created between successive amino acids in a protein? If there are more codon combinations than amino acids available in biology, then why aren't amino acids encoded by two nucleotides for each codon instead of three? How does secondary and tertiary protein structure develop from the primary structure created during translation? The picture below is of translation happening in a cell in real time. How is this image different from the models we have made in this exercise? RNA Ribosomes A morphologists view of tramslation Polypeplide chaingarrow_forwardWith in vitro translation of an RNA into a polypep-tide chain, the translation can begin anywhere along the RNA molecule. A synthetic RNA mole-cule has the sequence 5'-CGCUUACCACAUGUCGCGAAC-3'. How many reading frames are possible if this molecule is translated in vitro? How many reading frames are possible if this molecule is translated in vivo, in which translation starts with the codon AUG?arrow_forwardProkaryotic mRNAs have a RBS (Ribosomal binding site). How they use RBS for translational machinery? What are the properties of RBS? Draw a simple scheme for RBS and mRNA interaction site.arrow_forward
- Which of the following interactions in E. coli ensures that the start codon of an mRNA is accurately positioned in a ribosome at the initiation of translation? O binding between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ribosomal proteins base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit O binding between ribosomal proteins and the initiation factor that base-pairs with the start codon O base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the large ribosomal subunitarrow_forwardThe following RNA sequence represents a small messenger which can be translated in a prokaryotic cell: 5'-ACGAAUGCACAGUAAAACUGGCUAGCGUAGGCUGA-3 Assume that the messenger RNA is translated in the cell, using the correct machinery and signals required for accurate protein synthesis. Using this RNA sequence and the Genetic Code Dictionary (see your textbook for the dictionary), solve the following problems A. Write the sequence of a protein that would be translated from this mRNA, using the appropriate stop and start signals, and indicating the correct termini of the protein product. B. Suppose that the underlined A in the sequence is changed to a U. Write the expected protein product of this mRNA.arrow_forwardA eukaryotic cell carrying out transcription and RNA processing is incubated with 32P-labeled ATP. Where will the radioactive isotope appear in mature mRNA if the ATP is labeled at the (a) α position, (b) β position, and (c) γ position?arrow_forward
- What enzyme catalyzes protein synthesis in bacteria? You discover a new broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis and named it Compound J. You want to determine the mechanism of action of Compound J. After treating bacteria cells with Compound J, you observe many ribosomes with long polypeptide chains bound to them. Based on this observation, make a hypothesis about which part of the ribosome Compound J is binding and how this specifically affects translation. What evidence supports that proper protein folding is essential to all domains of life? Name and describe the function/s of two specific molecules that help proteins fold in bacteria.arrow_forwardYou are observing the translation process in a eukaryotic cell that has been exposed to an unknown toxin. About halfway through synthesizing the protein, you note that elongation is stalled. Upon closer observation you notice the polypeptide is attached to the tRNA in the A-site, while the P site is occupied by an uncharged tRNA. A possible mechanism that is inhibiting translation is: Question 21 options: eEF-1βγ (beta-gamma) was inhibited from activating eEF-2. Peptidyltransferase activity was inhibited. eEF-2 was inhibited from being activated. eEF-1βγ (beta-gamma) was inhibited from activating eEF-1α (alpha). eEF-1α cannot be released from the aminoacyl-tRNA in the A-site.arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is a widespread disease in many African countries and can be caused by a change in the amino acid sequence from glutamic acid to valine. A patient is diagnosed with the disease and a genetic fingerprint reveals the following DNA sequence for the gene: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Write down the mRNA sequence for the given DNA sense strand indicating the polarity. Derive the polypeptide from the mRNA molecule using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 below) again indicating the polarity of the peptide chain. Indicate the position in the DNA molecule that could have caused the disease and write down all possible point mutations in the DNA sequence that could have caused it. [ The polypeptide chain is polymerized at the ribosomes using t-RNA molecules. Write down all possible t-RNA molecules with their anti-codons that are used to polymerize the amino acid VAL. Indicate the polarity. 3'-TAC TGA GCA AGA TTA CAT ACT-5' Explain what is meant by redundancy of the genetic code.…arrow_forward
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What is Genomics - Full Length; Author: Genome BC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmgIClg0Y1k;License: Standard youtube license