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Water discharges to atmosphere from a large reservoir through a moderately rounded horizontal nozzle of 35-mm-diameter. The free surface is 2.5 m above the nozzle exit plane. Calculate the change in flow rate when a short section of 50-mm-diameter pipe is attached to the end of the nozzle to form a sudden expansion. Determine the location and estimate the magnitude of the minimum pressure with the sudden expansion in place. If the flow were frictionless with the sudden expansion in place, would the minimum pressure be higher, lower, or the same? Would the flow rate be higher, lower, or the same?
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Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
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