Chapter 7, Problem 52A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The valence electrons in Cesium needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The outermost electron is the atom participates in the formation of ions and henceforth useful in forming bonds. The bonds formed are ionic when the atom loses electrons or gains electrons to form octet wherein there is electrostatic force of attraction. The bonds formed are covalent when the electrons between two atoms are shared to get an octet.

Answer to Problem 52A

The valence electrons of Cesium is 1.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Cesium is 55. Hence it has its electronic configuration as

${\text{1s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}2{\text{p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^{10}{\text{4p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{5s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{4d}}^{10}{\text{5p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{6s}}^1$

It can be seen that it has one electron in the outermost shell.

Therefore its valence electron is ‘1’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence electrons in Rubidium needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The outermost electron is the atom participates in the formation of ions and henceforth useful in forming bonds. The bonds formed are ionic when the atom loses electrons or gains electrons to form octet wherein there is electrostatic force of attraction. The bonds formed are covalent when the electrons between two atoms are shared to get an octet.

Answer to Problem 52A

The valence electrons of Rubidium is 1.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Rubidium is 37. Hence it has its electronic configuration as

${\text{1s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}2{\text{p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^{10}{\text{4p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{5s}}^{\text{1}}$

It can be seen that it has one electron in the outermost shell.

Therefore its valence electron is ‘1’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The valence electrons in Gallium needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The outermost electron is the atom participates in the formation of ions and henceforth useful in forming bonds. The bonds formed are ionic when the atom loses electrons or gains electrons to form octet wherein there is electrostatic force of attraction. The bonds formed are covalent when the electrons between two atoms are shared to get an octet.

Answer to Problem 52A

The valence electrons of Gallium is 3.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Gallium is 31. Hence it has its electronic configuration as

${\text{1s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}2{\text{p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6{\text{3d}}^{10}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{4p}}^1$

It can be seen that it has three electron in the outermost shell.

Therefore its valence electron is ‘3’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence electrons in Zinc needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The outermost electron is the atom participates in the formation of ions and henceforth useful in forming bonds. The bonds formed are ionic when the atom loses electrons or gains electrons to form octet wherein there is electrostatic force of attraction. The bonds formed are covalent when the electrons between two atoms are shared to get an octet.

Answer to Problem 52A

The valence electrons of Zinc is 2.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Zinc is 30. Hence it has its electronic configuration as

${\text{1s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}2{\text{p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6{\text{3d}}^{10}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}$

It can be seen that it has two electron in the outermost shell.

Therefore its valence electron is ‘2’.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence electrons in Strontium needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The outermost electron is the atom participates in the formation of ions and henceforth useful in forming bonds. The bonds formed are ionic when the atom loses electrons or gains electrons to form octet wherein there is electrostatic force of attraction. The bonds formed are covalent when the electrons between two atoms are shared to get an octet.

Answer to Problem 52A

The valence electrons of Strontium is 2.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Strontium is 30. Hence it has its electronic configuration as

${\text{1s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}2{\text{p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6{\text{3d}}^{10}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{4p}}^6{\text{5s}}^{\text{2}}$

It can be seen that it has two electron in the outermost shell.

Therefore its valence electron is ‘2’.