Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6.4, Problem 3C
Summary Introduction
To determine: How a signaling pathway can be affected if a scaffold protein of that pathway is missing.
Concept introduction: Signal transduction is the process of conversion of an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. It involves a cascade of molecules that transfers the information.
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Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in those ways and different in others. Offer one or more hypotheses for these similarities and differences, and cite specific examples.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Receptor downregulation often occurs via endocytosis as a means of turning off a signaling pathway. How does receptor- mediated endocytosis result in turning off signaling? O A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling through polyubiquitination and degradation of the receptor by the proteasome. B. It doesn't. Signaling continues until the endosome fuses with the lysosome. ) C. Signaling is shut off rapidly through the budding of endosomes into themselves forming multivesicular bodies. This sequesters the cytoplasmic tail from intracellular signaling proteins. D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling by sorting receptors to recycling endosomes.arrow_forwardcompare and contrast how GPCRs and RTKs transduce their signal to the cell? include the types of ligands they bind, the GTP binding protein that is activated, and how the signal is transduced and amplified. what effects does it have on the cell?arrow_forwardBriefly describe how a single signaling molecule signal is amplified inside a cell.arrow_forward
- What is the function of Ras during tyrosine kinase cell signaling? a. It activates the opening of channel-linked receptors. b. It is an enzyme that synthesizes second messengers. c. It links the receptor protein to the MAP kinase pathway. d. It phosphorylates other enzymes as part of a pathway.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Which molecule performs the primary signal transduction step in cell signaling? Choose one: extracellular signal molecule, intracellular protein kinase, receptor protein, transcription regulator, scaffold proteinarrow_forwardExplain how an indirect neurotransmitter receptor mechanism (like A-G linked receptor) conduct cell signaling?arrow_forward
- For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forwardSignaling can result in both fast and slow cellular responses. does the following statement describe a fast or slow cellular response? A signaling molecule binds to a GPCR, which activates a G-protein, the G-protein activates cAMP, which activates PKA, which turns on a transcriptoin factor, which goes on to affect gene expression Group of answer choices Fast Instantaneous Slow Intermediatearrow_forwardYou are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PKB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PKB, describe one way you could do that and explain why you think it would provide insights into how PKB changes its subcellular location.arrow_forward
- The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors. How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors? A. The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors. B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure. C. The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure. D. The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.arrow_forwardWhat are the functions of Cell signaling proteins?arrow_forwardProvide an overview of the cell signaling process.arrow_forward
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