Briefly describe how a single signaling molecule signal is amplified inside a cell.

Explain why a peptide (protein) ligand can’t use a receptor inside the cell while an asteroid has no problem using an intracellular receptor.

Describe ways a cell might terminate a signal pathway.

98. The correct sequence of cell signaling is

You have developed an activator of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In three different cell types that all contain this receptor your drug has different effects. In cell type A you see activation of gene X and gene Y; in cell type B you note activation of Gene X, but no change in the mRNA levels for Gene Y. In cell type C your drug has no effect on either Gene X or Y. Describe how could each choice (A-D) be a possibility to suit the scenario? a. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y). Cell type A contains both STATs; cell type B contains STAT X only; cell type C has neither STAT. b. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y) and two separate JAKs (JAK X & JAK Y). Cell type A contains both STATs and JAKs; cell type B contains both STATs but JAK X only; cell type C has both STATs but neither JAK. c. Genes X & Y are controlled by two separate STATs (STAT X & STAT Y), two separate JAKs (JAK X & JAK Y) and…

Compare and contrast regulation by a repressor and an activator.