What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells. Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

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Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

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Mutant tyrosine kinase signaling proteins are implicated in many types of human cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars are required for the basic research and development of a new drug. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs have been approved for cancer treatments by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. What do you think would be some of the difficulties of finding these drugs given that similar kinases are active in normal cells? Do you think new medications of this type should be developed through government-sponsored research? Why or why not? If not, what alternatives do you propose?

Describe the protein kinase cascade stimulated by epinephrine in liver cells or by insulin in muscle cells. How can it go wrong? What happens if it goes wrong? Explain the usefulness of protein kinase cascades and mechanisms to shut them down. Please give explanations for every step of this pathway. Define all technical terms you use.

What is the purpose of A kinase–associated proteins (AKAPs)? Describe how AKAPs work in heart muscle cells.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3C Ch. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LO Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1C

Solution Summary: The author explains that tyrosine kinase is a transmembrane protein with binding sites for signaling molecule outside and an enzyme component inside the cell.

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