For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases?   a. they amplify the original signal       b. they always lead to the same cellular response   c.  the number of molecules used is small and fixed   d. they are cell specific

Suppose you had to design a hypothetical drug for Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following best describes a plausible drug. A. A drug that knockouts the gene that codes for Tau. B. A drug that removes phosphate groups from Tau proteins. C. A drug that increases the levels of APP protein in the neurons. D. A drug that increases the levels of beta-secretase in the neurons.

Compare and contrast cell signaling in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

If there is a mutation in importin that prevents it from interacting with the NLS of cargo proteins, what affect, if any, would this have on the UPR (unfolded protein response). A. Ran-GEF would bind to the importin promoting cargo entry into the nucleus and transcription of UPR response genes. B. Gene regulatory protein would not be imported into the nucleus thus preventing transcription of UPR response genes C. MRNA would not be imported into the nucleus thus preventing transcription of UPR response genes D. Ran-GTP would not be imported to the nucleus thus preventing transcription of UPR response genes E. No effect, these are completely unrelated processes.