Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 31RA
Using only the information in this chapter, explain how insulin (a polar polypeptide hormone) causes increased transport of glucose from blood plasma into muscle cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
One of your colleagues has obtained a sample of muscle phosphorylase b that is known to be
relatively inactive. She has approached you for advice on how to set up an appropriate assay. She
has the following items available, not all of which are appropriate for this study. Help her out by
selecting the items that she should use and what their purpose is in the assay, and then explain
why each of the other items would not be useful.
1. 100 UM AMP
2. 100 UM GTP
3.100 uM glucose
4. 100 uM glucose 6-phosphate
5. Branched glycogen
6. Amylose (i.e. unbranched glycogen)
7.50 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5
8. 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5
Write out a short explanation for each of the above items, and upload your answers by the due
date.
Tyrosinase enzyme activity is assayed by monitoring the oxidation of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to the red-colored dopachrome.
Calculate the tyrosinase activity (U/mL) by using the experimental data given below
I don't understand, can I get help? I have attached a picture of everything that will be needed to be annotated.
Numerous signaling molecules work together in order for glucagon to induce the regulated release of glucose into the bloodstream. Construct an annotated list of each of these signaling molecules (as learned in the lecture video). For your annotated list, please use the format below. You will need to use this format for each molecule in the pathway that we learned.
Name of Molecule:Type of Molecule:Is activated (or inhibited) by:Activates (or inhibits):
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 6 - Describe the distribution of fluid in the body.Ch. 6 - Describe the composition of the extracellular...Ch. 6 - List the subcategories of passive transport and...Ch. 6 - Explain what is meant by simple diffusion and list...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4CPCh. 6 - Prob. 5CPCh. 6 - Explain how the body detects changes in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7cCP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 8CPCh. 6 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 6 - Explain the relationship of the resting membrane...Ch. 6 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 11CPCh. 6 - Prob. 12CPCh. 6 - The movement of water across a plasma membrane...Ch. 6 - Which of these statements about the facilitated...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3RACh. 6 - Prob. 4RACh. 6 - Blood plasma has an osmolality of about 300 mOsm....Ch. 6 - Prob. 6RACh. 6 - The most important diffusible ion in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8RACh. 6 - Prob. 9RACh. 6 - Prob. 10RACh. 6 - Prob. 11RACh. 6 - Prob. 12RACh. 6 - Prob. 13RACh. 6 - Prob. 14RACh. 6 - Which of the following questions regarding second...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16RACh. 6 - Prob. 17RACh. 6 - Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron...Ch. 6 - Prob. 19RACh. 6 - Prob. 20RACh. 6 - Prob. 21RACh. 6 - Prob. 22RACh. 6 - Using the principles of osmosis, explain why...Ch. 6 - Prob. 24RACh. 6 - Prob. 25RACh. 6 - Prob. 26RACh. 6 - Prob. 27RACh. 6 - Prob. 28RACh. 6 - Prob. 29RACh. 6 - Prob. 30RACh. 6 - Using only the information in this chapter,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 32RACh. 6 - Prob. 33RACh. 6 - Suppose a semipermeable membrane separates two...Ch. 6 - Prob. 35RACh. 6 - Prob. 36RACh. 6 - Use the Nernst equation and the ion concentration...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Metformin is a commonly used treatment for type 2 diabetes. The active compound was isolated from the french lilac plant and was first used in the 1770s to treat individuals with excessive thirst and frequent urination (LaMoia & Shulman, 2020). Its exact mechanism of action is still under debate, but it ultimately works to lower blood glucose levels. Which of the following proposed mechanisms could explain how metformin works? O inhibits the function of liver glycogen synthase, an enzyme involved in glycogenesis O increases the release of glucagon by the pancreas O decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver O inhibits the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissuearrow_forwardWrite schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. What compounds are necessary for this biochemical process? Biological significance of phospholipids.arrow_forwardInsulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?arrow_forward
- Peroxidase is an enzyme found in many organisms, from plant to humans. The function of peroxidase is to break down hydrogen peroxide, which is a toxin produced as a byproduct when oxygen is produced during respiration. Myeloperoxidase is a protein found in neutrophils and catalyzes lipid peroxidation involved in immune defense. The overproduction of myeloperoxidase has been found to function as a mediator for tissue damage in inflammatory diseases. (8 points) a. Identify two examples of environmental factors that may impact myeloperoxidase activity. Describe how each of the environmental factors would affect the reaction rate of the enzyme. b. Predict the how researchers can use myeloperoxidase activity as oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Provide reasoning to justify your prediction.arrow_forwardAMP- PNP is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog that cannot be metabolized by cells. Taurocholate is a bile acid that helps emulsify fats. When taurocholate is added to hepatocyte cell culture, it accumulates in those cells. The graph below shows the rate of cellular accumulation of the drug taurocholate in the presence of either ATP, ATP, or AMP-PNP. Based on this date, describe the mechanism by which taurocholate enters the cell. Justify the answer.arrow_forwardCyclic AMP (CAMP) is an important signaling molecule in cells. The synthesis and degradation of CAMP is diagrammed in the following figure: ATP ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12pt Adenylyl cyclase Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Paragraph Pyrophosphate 3'c- P-P₁ 5'C BI Both caffeine (coffee, cola) and theophylline inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase that converts CAMP to AMP, allowing cAMP levels to temporarily remain high. Briefly discuss the possible effect of these drugs on the second messenger action of CAMP. What might the effect of caffeine of theophylline be on a signaling pathway? CAMP UA Phosphodiesterase T² H₂O AMP ⠀arrow_forward
- The concentration of blood glucose is approximately 5 mM. You have identified a person whose muscle hexokinase has a Km of 5 mM. Please provide a biochemical explanation for why this person should never fast. Enter your answer herearrow_forwardInhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, such as edrophonium, are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate for acetylcholinesterase is acetylcholine. Structures are attached. What kind of inhibitor is edrophonium? Explain. Can inhibition by edrophonium be overcome in vitro by increasing the substrate concentration? Explain. Does this inhibitor bind reversibly or irreversibly to the enzyme? Explain.arrow_forwardOne treatment for hyperuricemia is administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol. Discuss the mechanism and show an illustration how this drug able to alleviate symptoms of hyperuricemia.arrow_forward
- What is an example of a biomolecule that interacts with Insulin? Please give a detailed explanation of that molecule's structure as well!arrow_forwardCorticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. The corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.arrow_forwardCorticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. Do some internet research on the corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Macromolecules | Classes and Functions; Author: 2 Minute Classroom;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk;License: Standard youtube license