НС. Нас -N НС Н,С. CH3 -CHз НО CH3 Acetylcholine Edrophonium

In pure noncompetitive inhibition:   a. Where on the enzyme does the inhibitor bind?   b. Does the inhibitor bind to E, ES or both?   c. What is the effect of I on Vmax?   d. What is the effect of I on Km?

For each of the following examples, indicate whether the drug is acting on physical process, chemical process or enzymatic system (your answer should be only; Physical, Chemical or Enzymatic).   A. A drug is used as an antidote in lead poisoning and acts by binding to lead particles in body (chelation therapy). B. A drug acts to reduce flatulence and acts by reducing the surface tension of intestinal gas bubbles in the GI tract (e.g. Simethicone). C. A drug competes with alpha-glucosidase in intestine to reduce glucose conversion from disaccharides (e.g. Acarbose).

What step ends the first-half of the chymotrypsin mechanism? Attack of water on the acyl-enzyme intermediate. Selected Collapse of the first tetrahedral intermediate, releasing of the C-terminal peptide fragment and formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. Deprotonation of serine by the histidine. Collapse of the second tetrahedral intermediate leading to the final products. REVIEW QUESTION 1/1 CONTINUE MacBook Pro https://virginiacommonwealth.instructure.com/courses/42082/assignments/271397 esc OT

How can you decrease (or stop) the rate of binding for a noncompetitive inhibitor? Could you change the receptor allosteric sites to prevent noncompetitive binding?

Explain the differences and similarities in the three kinds of reversible inhibition.  Include what is physically happening, how inhibition affects KM and Vmax and if the inhibition can be overcome.

The physiological effects of epinephrine should in principle be mimicked by addition of cAMP to the target cells. In practice, addition of cAMP to intact target cells elicits only a minimal physiological response. Why? When the structurally related derivative dibutyryl cAMP (shown below) is added to intact cells, the expected physiological response is readily apparent. Explain the basis for the difference in cellular response to these two substances. Dibutyryl cAMP is widely used in studies of cAMP function.

The Graph below shows the binding curves of two proteins (A and B) for the same ligand (L). Use this Graph and determine the dissociation constant, K, for both proteins. Which protein (A or B) has a greater affinity for ligand L? Which of the two proteins would be more easily inhibited by an antagonist? 1.0 Y 0.5 2 A 4 6 B 8 [L] (μM) 10 12 14 16

Tetrodotoxin  identify the species which releases the toxin (if it is man-made then this will be all that is required for this part) identify the step disrupted in the neuromuscular junction pathway Provide any consequences of this disruption.   Does the toxin have any applications in biomedicine as a painkiller, disease treatment or analgesic? Provide your source in APA format for each.  If this is missing no credit will be awarded.

Describe the categories of enzyme control: (image provided) Allosteric control with example Covalent modification with example