Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 8R
Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation. On Figure 5.16, mark the following using the appropriate letter:
- a. the acidic side of the membrane
- b. the side with a positive electrical charge
- c. potential energy
- d. kinetic energy
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Describe the chemiosmotic coupling mechanism. Draw a simple picture illustrating this mechanism and how ATP is synthesized in mitochondria. Label the components.
The correct enzyme involved in synthesizing atp from adp is:
a. Kinase
b. Protease
c. Phosphorylase
Choose the correct answer:
1- How does ETC lead to ATP synthesis:
A) Hydrogen ions diffuse from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase.B) Hydrogens jump from the inner membrane to the outer membrane and out through ATP synthase.C) Hydrogens diffuse from the intermembrane space to the outer membrane through ATPase.D) Protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space through ATP synthase.
2- TCA cycle occurs in aerobic respiration because :
A) Oxygen has a catalytic functionB) Oxygen is a reactantC) Electron transport chain requires aerobic conditions to operate.
D) All of the above.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCh. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...
Ch. 5 - Which substance in the following reaction is being...Ch. 5 - Which of the following reactions produces the most...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - Which of the following compounds has the greatest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use...Ch. 5 - Which culture produces the most ATP? Use the...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses NAD+? Use the following choices...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses the most glucose? Use the...Ch. 5 - Explain why, even under ideal conditions,...Ch. 5 - The following graph shows the normal rate of...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast carbohydrate catabolism and...Ch. 5 - How much ATP could be obtained from the complete...Ch. 5 - The chemoautotroph Acidithiobacillus can obtain...Ch. 5 - Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor)...Ch. 5 - The drug Hivid, also called ddC, inhibits DNA...Ch. 5 - The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to...
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- Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.arrow_forwardIt is essential for the cells in plants and animals to have an adequate supply of oxygen. Explain what the oxygen is needed for in the cells? (Be as specific as possible.)arrow_forwardYou are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that are growing on glucose. For each of the compounds listed below, indicate whether the compound will increase or decrease respiration (measured by monitoring oxygen consumption), and provide reasoning for your answer in two sentences at most. Consider only the early time after the compound begins to exert its effects. a. An inhibitor of the FoF1 ATPase b. A proton channel that enables protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion c. An inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of the electron transport chain)arrow_forward
- choose the correct answer: 1- Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free-energy change) can occur because the reactions: A) May be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.B) Are catalyzed by enzymesC) Are aided by various metal ions that act as catalystsD) Take place when the cells are at unusually high temperatures>E) Take place very slowly. 2- ATP synthesis is powered by: A) proton gradient.B) GTP hydrolysis.C) cAMP.D)Coenzyme motive force.arrow_forwardusing the cell potential table found in the Reference Material, why do you get holes in your aluminum foil if you use it to cover lasagna in a steel pan? Hint: Steel is made up of mostly iron and lasagna serves as an acidic medium.arrow_forwardATP is utilized in a variety of reactions in the cell. Research and describe two specific reactions that utilize ATP. One of them must be a process involving transport across membranes. The second must be a process involving metabolism, and utilizing an enzyme (name the enzyme). Explain how ATP is used and why it is needed in the two processes described.arrow_forward
- Select the correct answer : Which of the following statements best describes the chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis by the electron transport system? A) As the protons pass through the system, electrons are moved from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and ATP is formed as the electrons move back to the matrix through only one phosphorylation site. B) As the electrons pass through the system, ATP is synthesized at three different phosphorylation sites. C) As the electrons pass through the system, protons are moved from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and ATP is formed as the protons ;move back to the matrix through the three different phosphorylation sites. D) As the electrons pass through the system protons are moved from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and ATP is formed as the protons move back to the matrix through only one phosphorylation site.arrow_forwardWe have discussed the aerobic metabolism of glucose extensively in this class. To capture and use the energy in glucose to make ATP, we must utilize 4 different sequential pathways/steps. Starting with one glucose molecule and eventually ending with CO, H;O and ATP, list the 4 pathways/steps in order and tell me what molecules enter each pathway, and what the final products of each pathway are. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIUAv ev Tov : Iarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following processes would be expected to involve the conversion of ATP to ADP or the conversion of ADP to ATP. a) Heart muscle contraction b) transport of nutrients to various locations in the bodyarrow_forward
- As electrons move from Complex I & II to Complex IV, H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space. Describe how these ions are then used to generate ATP using the following terms: ATP synthase, ADP, ATP, electrochemical gradient, chemiosmosis, intermembrane space, matrix.arrow_forwardDiscuss the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the end step for the electron transport chain? A. H+ ions flow down the gradient to generate ATP B. electrons are transferred to NADH and FADH2 for chemiosmosis C. electrons are transferred to oxygen, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which form water D. H+ are pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria to establish an electrochemical gradientarrow_forward
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