Both the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.
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Both the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type of
motor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes muscle
relaxation.
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- Muscle spindle structures consist of: Extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons Extrafusal muscle fibers and alpha motor neurons Golgi tendon organs and gamma motor neurons Intrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neuronsIn what ways does the neural control of smooth muscle activity differ from that of skeletal muscle? Describe how a stimulus may lead to the contraction of a smooth muscle cell without a change in the plasma membrane potential. Describe the differences between single-unit and multiunit smooth muscles. cite your referencesDescribe in details the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction, using the biceps brachii as an example.
- Explain why the ratio of motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers is greater in muscles that control eye movement than in postural muscles of the leg.Define what the NMJ is and why it's important for muscle contraction. Explain in short the process of the NMJ signaling the muscle to contract. Note the difference between a motor unit and the NMJ.Succinylcholine act as adepolarising agent that prevents repolarization of the somatic motor neuron. Thus, no further ACh is released until drug is cleared. Name another site within the MNJ we could target to prevent muscle contraction, and explain why this would work.
- Describe a muscle spindle and its function considering the following items. Use all terms in paragraph form to describe: - Extrafusal fibers - Intrafusal fibers - Alpha motor neurons - Gamma motor neurons - Capsule - Contraction - Afferent nerve fiber - Somatic reflex (as in the patellar reflex)High blood K+ concentrations cause depolarization of the restingmembrane potential. Predict and explain the effect of high blood K+levels on smooth muscle functionPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4
- Acetylcholine is necessary for the depolarization of skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements concerning acetylcholine action is true. O acetylcholine is released in quanta from the sarcolemma membrane by exocytosis O acetylcholine is released in quanta from the postsynaptic membrane by exocytosis O acetylcholine enters the caveoli to depolarize the sarcolemma acetylcholine enters clathrin -coated vesiclec prior to its degradation by O acetylcholine attaches to transmitter-gated ion channels of the sarcolemma . During an action potential, depolarization occurs because: Channels for sodium ions in the cell membrane open and sodium flows into the cell O Both channels for sodium and potassium are closed O Channels for potassium ions in the cell membrane open and potassium leaves he cell Sodium potassium pump retums sodium to the outside of the cell and potassium to the inside Stroke occurs when a blood clot enters the cerebral ciruculatin, blocking an artery and causing…The subtractive technique that uses nerve stimulation at two points and subtracting the difference between the two recorded latencies (time from stimulation to muscle contraction) gives a more accurate estimate of motor conduction velocity than stimulating the nerve at one point and measuring the time it takes for the muscle to contract. Which of the following statements best describes the reason why the subtractive techniques is more accurate? The subtractive technique is more accurate because it takes into account the delay caused by the electrical resistance of the recording electrodes, which adds to the recorded delay. The subtractive technique is more accurate because it takes into account the delay caused by synaptic transmission from the axon terminals to the muscle fibres. The subtractive technique is more accurate because it takes into account the slower conduction speed of the small unmyelinated axon endings that slow down nerve conduction…Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient acetylcholine to depolarize a skeletal muscle fiber tothreshold.