Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 9TYPSS
Make a concept map (see BioSkills 12 ) that relates DNA's primary structure to its secondary structure. Your diagram should include deoxyribonucleotides, hydrophobic interactions, purines, pyrimidines, phosphodiester linkages, DNA primary structure, DNA secondary structure, complementary base pairing, and antiparallel strands.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA-RNA interactions? Answer format: Base 1(one letter symbol)-Base 2 (one letter symbol, or B-B*(hypothetical N-base)
In the lengthening of a polynucleotide chain, which type of nucleotide subunit (name please not the formula) would bond to its 3’ end?
How many 3’,5’-phosphodiester linkages are present in a tetranucleotide segment of a nucleic acid?
Draw a DNA structure that includes at least two criss crosses
There must be 5 nucleotide pairs above and below each intersect.
Label
§Adenine
§Thymine
§Guanine
§Cytosine
§Phosphates
§Sugars
§Hydrogen bonds
Color code each part and provide a key
Consider normal B-form DNA. It forms a regular antiparallel double-helical structure with
Watson-Crick base-pairing mediated through hydrogen bonding. The base pairs all stack
upon one another, with 3.4 Å spacing between them. DNA strands having a complementary
sequence will spontaneously form a double-helix in an aqueous solution.
In terms of energy, what primarily drives helix formation?
O Positive Entropy from base stacking
van der Waals interactions
O Hoogsteen interactions
Positive Enthalpy from Hydrogen Bonding between GC and AT pairs
Negative Enthalpy from Hydrogen Bonding between GC and AT pairs
O Negative Entropy from base stacking
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 4 - What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?...Ch. 4 - 2. What determines the primary structure of a DNA...Ch. 4 - 3. Which of the following describes the synthesis...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 4 - What would be the sequence of the strand of DNA...Ch. 4 - 8. According to the RNA world model, a ribozyme...Ch. 4 - Make a concept map (see BioSkills 12 ) that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a dinucleotide composed of C and A. Next to this, draw the complementary dinucleotide in an antiparallel fashion. Connect the dinucleotides with the appropriate hydrogen bonds. FIGURE 8.9 The two polynucleotide chains in DNA run in opposite directions. The left strand runs 5 to 3, and the right strand runs 3 to 5. The base sequences in each strand are complementary. An A in one strand pairs with a T in the other strand, and a C in one strand is paired with a G in the opposite strand. FIGURE 8.7 Nucleotides can be joined together to form chains caled polynucleotides. Polynucleotides are polar molecules with a 5 end (at the phosphate group) and a 3 end (at the sugar group). An RNA polynucleotide is shown at the left, and a DNA polynucleotide is shown at the right.arrow_forwardTo create a DNA:RNA hybrid from a short stretch of DNA with the sequence 5'-GGCTAAGTATGCCTAGTAGC-3', design the corresponding RNA sequence. Indicate the sequence in a 5' to 3' manner. What type of helix (A, B or Z) will this double-stranded nucleic acid form?arrow_forwardConsider the following image - the dotted lines represent hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases: (T) Thymine (A) Adenine (A) Adenine (U) Uracil (C) Cytosine (G) Guanine (C) Cytosinel (G) Guanine Which of the following does this image likely represent? OA section of an enzyme bound to a DNA strand A section of a double stranded DNA A section of RNA primer bound to a DNA strand Two sections of an RNA strands bound togetherarrow_forward
- As a result of the rotation about its six bonds, DNA can exist in a variety of forms. Determine whether the image and properties describe the A form of DNA, the B form of DNA, the Z form of DNA, or all three. A form G pairs with C, and A pairs with T. antiparallel strands A HOCH₂ OH most stable under physiological conditions B form Answer Bank has a 23.7 Å helix diameter widest helix diameter Z form left-handed narrowest helix diameter the favored form of dehydrated DNA All The C2' of deoxyribose is out of the plane of the other ring atoms in the direction of 05'.arrow_forwardSelect the phrases that accurately describe properties of the most common form of the DNA double helix. DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and thymine and equal amounts of cytosine and guanine. The nitrogenous bases are exposed to the solvent, whereas the sugar-phosphate backbone of each nucleotide strand is in the interior of the double helix. The phosphodiester bonds between nucleotide residues run in opposite directions in the two strands. Base pairs have a spacing of 3.4 Å. A helical turn consists of about 3.4 base pairs.arrow_forwardGiven the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into a polypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. You may use drawings, diagrams, colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into a functional protein. (32) (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in the DNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D). 5’ - TATAAAAASSMSBMDATGSBDCCMBDBAATBSMDSTGTGTCCTMSBAG – 3’arrow_forward
- When comparing the structures of RNA and DNA , which of the following statement is True?A-Only RNA contains 3'-deoxyribise rings B-Both RNA and DNA contain 3'-deoxyribise rings C-Only DNA contains 3'- deoxyribise rings D-Neither RNA or DNA contain 3'-deoxyribise ringsarrow_forwardThe following is diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide. Carbons exist at corners on the shapes and phosphate groups are filled circles. A. Is this a DNA or an RNA Molecule? B. Where is the 3’ end of this tetranucleotide? C. Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’-ACAG-3’, where are the expected bases?arrow_forwardGiven the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into a polypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. You may use drawings, diagrams, colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into a functional protein. (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in the DNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D).2.2. Describe what are missense mutations and its effects on structure and function using haemoglobin as an examplearrow_forward
- Which of the following does NOT describe DNA as it occurs in Eukaryotic cells. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: 1. nitrogenous bases of opposite strands are paired through covalent bonds 2. base pairs are stacked 3.4 A (0.34 nm) apart 3. the two strands of one double helix are complementary 4. two long polynucleotide chains 5. there are 20 base pairs per each turn of a double helix 6. adenine pairs with thymine of the neighboring nucleotide in a single DNA strand 7. bases face outside of the double helix 8. consecutive nucleotides of a single DNA strand are linked by hydrogen bonds 9. here are A-T and G-C pairs in DNA double helix 10. sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand is formed by linking deoxyribose units and phosphate groups through phosphodiester bonds 11. the two strands of one helix are antiparallel 12.double helix 13. the larger major groove alternates with the smaller minor groove along the length of the double stranded DNA I tried 2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13 together and got it…arrow_forward10.) Draw a double-stranded DNA molecule (using different colors for each) model should clearly represent the sequence: A G T A C C G G G C A A Note: It should include items to represent - sugar molecules - phosphate molecules - 4 distinct nitrogenous base molecules (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine) - two types of bonds between these moleculesarrow_forwardBased on your understanding of DNA structure thus far, design a synthetic nucleotide that can be integrated into a DNA molecule AND be functional. Take the following into consideration: DNA Nano measurements: width of the helix, spacing between nucleotides Use the functional groups that you’ve learned about Remember that hydrogen bonding stabilizes the DNA moleculearrow_forward
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