Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 38.3, Problem 4TC
Endocrine disruptors have most frequently been associated with reproductive effects in fish and amphibians. Why might these animals be more susceptible than birds or mammals?
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How could the origin of endocrine control systems lie in ordinary cellular events? How might the earliest multicellular organisms have evolved some sort of endocrine coordination?
Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors?
a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone
b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues
c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormone
Why has it been so difficult to regulate endocrine disrupters? How should we act in the face of uncertainty?
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 38.1 - describe the four methods of communication between...Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 38.2 - Insulin is a large, water-soluble hormone that...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.2 - explain the processes of negative and positive...Ch. 38.3 - A common test of thyroid gland function is to...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 3TC
Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 38.3 - Endocrine disruptors have most frequently been...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.3 - explain how negative feedback regulates the...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 38 - Prob. 1MCCh. 38 - Prob. 2MCCh. 38 - Steroid hormones include a. testosterone. b....Ch. 38 - Prob. 4MCCh. 38 - Prob. 5MCCh. 38 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 38 - Most endocrine hormones fall into three chemical...Ch. 38 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 38 - The pancreas releases the hormone _________ when...Ch. 38 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 38 - The adrenal cortex releases three major types of...Ch. 38 - Which chemical class of hormones usually attaches...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2RQCh. 38 - Prob. 3RQCh. 38 - Prob. 4RQCh. 38 - Prob. 5RQCh. 38 - Prob. 6RQCh. 38 - A student rescan, her decides to perform an...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2AC
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- How do hormones compare structurally and functionally in invertebrates and vertebrates?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? A.) the hormone FSH requires a second messenger system to elicit a cellular response B.) prohormones are modified before they become active C.) the combined effects of two hormones would be greater than their individual effects if they synergize by additivity D.) a hormone can influence its own action on the target cell through priming E.) all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.arrow_forward
- A new hormone is discovered. Analysis suggests that it is synthesized on demand and has a long half-life in the wwww www. bloodstream. It seems to activate gene transcription in its target cells, though no cell surface receptors can be identified. Which type of hormone is this most likely to be? A) Steroid hormone B) Catecholamine C) Thyroid hormone D) Peptide hormonearrow_forwardPlace the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.arrow_forwardThe ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organarrow_forward
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a condition where individuals have a mutation in the 21 hydroxylase gene, so that the enzyme 21-hydroxylase is non functional. a)Which hormones would nit be produced in these individuals? b)What will happen to the amount of progesterone in the blood?arrow_forwardPeanut and tree allergies are on the rise in modern, industrialized countries. Exposure to a protein in the nuts causes sensitive people to react with skin hives, reddened skin, breathing problems including the closing of the throat (anaphylaxis), and even heart attack. Much like a mosquito bite or other insect bite, this is all mostly due to the actions of one hormone in particular. 1) What hormone triggers this reaction? 2) Why does it cause swelling/closing of the throat/airways? 3) How does it change or impact the heart rate and/or blood pressure to life-threatening levels?arrow_forwardWhy are animals with temperature-dependent sex determination at risk from endocrine disruptors?arrow_forward
- Why are eicosanoids often referred to as "local hormones"?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the half-life of hormones is correct? a) Hormones with a short half-life are present in relatively constant amounts in the blood b) Hormones with a short half-life regulate slow functions c) Fat-soluble hormones usually have a relatively long half-life d) Fat-soluble hormone is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the blood circulation e) Water-soluble hormones usually bind to plasma proteins (transport proteins)arrow_forwardDuring an in vitro experiment, it is found that glucocorticoids inhibit the growth of all neural processes, therefore controlling the morphologic characteristics of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. These modified neurons are most likely stimulated by which of the following mechanisms to release their secretory product? A) Acetylcholine release from sympathetic fibers B) Change in the rate of polymerization of metanephrine C) Decreased blood flow in cortical sinusoidal capillaries D) Downregulation of corticotropin-releasing factor E) Increased concentrations of endogenous chromogranins.arrow_forward
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