Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 34, Problem 1RQ
Describe how fish gills work, including the basic concept of countercurrent exchange. Why is this process important to allow fish to extract oxygen from water?
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1. Gas exchange in terrestrial versus aquatic environments follows similar physical laws but there are also important differences. Using Fick's law, identify the MAIN factor that is different between these two environments?
a) Everything is different in water
b) Barrier thickness
c) Diffusion coefficient
d) Diffusion rate
2. Gills are used by most aquatic invertebrates for gas exchange. What are some of the characteristics they have that make them and ideal gas exchange organ? Select all that apply.
a) They are highly folded (increasing surface area)
b) They are never used in hypoxic environments (increasing concentration gradient)
c) They are only possessed by small organisms (decreasing length)
d) They are thin-walled (decreasing barrier thickness).
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5RQCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3AC
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- 1) Electric eels are dependent on air breathing. They take up oxygen from the air that they gulp into their mouths and then blow back out. In what way are their mouths similar to gills? A) They both bring oxygen against its concentration gradient from the lower levels in the water or air to the higher levels in the blood. B) They both have large numbers of capillary beds very close to the skin. C) They both have large numbers of microvilli in their respiratory membrane to provide ATP for active transport of oxygen. D) ALL of these are correct. 2) Which of these accurately describes the buccopharyngeal pumping mechanism teleosts use to breathe? A) The volume of oral cavity is rapidly expanded with the mouth closed and the operculum open. B) The volume of the oral cavity is rapidly compressed with the mouth closed and the operculum open. C) Water from the surroundings is sucked into the gills during inspiration and blown back out during expiration. D) ALL of these are correct.arrow_forwardDescribe how gas gradients arise; apply them to fisharrow_forwardCrayfish have gills but open circulatory systems, whereas squid have gills but closed systems. What does this difference tell you about each animal's average metabolic needs? What other large surface do squid use for gas exchange, and what internal structure in the squid serves as defense? Explain everything in three paragraphs.arrow_forward
- Using the terms below, which of the following correctly lists the flow of water through a Bivalve capable of counter-current respiratory exchange? excurrent opening incurrent opening pores of water tubes suprabranchial chamber mantle cavity A)2, 5, 1, 3, 4, 5 B)2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 5 C)3, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 D)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 E)2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 1arrow_forwardSOURCE: Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…arrow_forwardDescribe an advantage of a fish’s gills for breathing in water and a disadvantage for breathing on land.arrow_forward
- You receive animal care and use committee approval to catch a fish, prop open its operculum (gill cover), tie a string around its tail, and tow it backwards through the water for experimental purposes. The fish is then released unharmed. This action forces water to flow backwards over the gill filaments and in between the gill lamellae. What effect would this backwards water flow have on respiration? It would reduce efficiency of gas exchange between water and blood The only effect would be due to the fish's discomfort from this treatment. O It would improve efficiency of gas exchange between water and bloodarrow_forwardDescribe 2 factors that contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills. Why are fish gills the most efficient of all respiratory organs?arrow_forwardDescribe some structural and functional features that are commonto all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forward
- Explain some structural and functional features that are common to all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forwarda) Gill lice infections result in lowered surface area to volume ratios in fish gill structure. True False Levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will not differ between infected and uninfected fish. Question options: True False The branched nature of capillaries in fish gills increases surface area, and thus the efficiency of exchange into/out of the blood stream lation. Question opti True Falsearrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forward
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