a) Gill lice infections result in lowered surface area to volume ratios in fish gill structure.       True   False Levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will not differ between infected and uninfected fish.   Question options:   True   False   The branched nature of capillaries in fish gills increases surface area, and thus the efficiency of exchange into/out of the blood stream lation.   Question  opti   True   False

Assume that in a particular capillary the pressure at the arteriolar end is 35 mmHg and it decreases linearly with distance to 15 mmHg at the venule end. Assume the capillary is 500 mm long. Assume further that the hydrostatic pressure in the ISF is 2 mm Hg and is constant. The oncotic (osmotic) pressure inside the capillary is 25 mm Hg and is constant. The oncotic pressure of the ISF is 3 mmHg. Is there a filtration or reabsorption of fluid at the arteriolar end? What is the net driving force? Is there a filtration or reabsorption of fluid at the venule end? What is the net driving force? Determine where along the capillary the net driving force for filtration is zero.

What is meant by “countercurrent flow” as it applies to fish gills?

Use words from the word bank provided to fill in the spaces of the following paragraph: Word bank: respiratory, excretory, digestive, gas exchange, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, energy, tissues, cells, organs, gills, lungs, skin, diffusion, counter current, active transport, rich, poor, one, two, three, four In single circulatory systems blood vessels transport blood to the Blank 1 to become oxygenated using a Blank 2 (two words) mechanism. Blood within the heart is oxygen Blank 3, and the heart drives the blood around the body using Blank 4 chambers.