Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 34, Problem 4FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The primary function associated with the respiratory system is breathing. The respiratory system in humans and other mammals is divided into two portions: conduction portion and gas exchange portion. The conduction portion consists of series of passageways that are involved in the transport of gases while gas exchange portions are involved in the exchange of gases. As air moves by bulk flow into lungs and out of lungs, gases enter and exit the blood by diffusion within the lungs.
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5RQCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3AC
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- What causes air to enter human lungs? The contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs, decreasing the pressure relative to the air outside the body. Smooth muscle in the trachea guides the flow of air into the lungs. Air diffuses into the lungs due to the decreased O2 content relative to the air outside our body. The cilia in the trachea guide the flow of air into the lungs. The decreased concentration of O2 in the lungs decreases the density of that air and denser air outside the body "sinks" into the lungs.arrow_forwardThe respiratory process involves hemoglobin (Hgb), an iron-containing compound found in red blood cells. In the process, carbon dioxide diffuses from tissue cells as molecular CO2, while O2 simultancously enters the tissue cells. A significant fraction of the CO, leaving the tissue cells enters red blood cells and reacts with hemoglobin; the CO, that does not enter the red blood cells (O in the figure below) remains dissolved in the blood and is transported to the lungs. Some of theCO, entering the red blood cells reacts with hemoglobin to form a compound (Hgb-CO, 2 in the figure). When the red blood cells reach the lungs, the Hgb-CO, dissociates, releasing free CO,. Meanwhile, the CO, that enters the red blood cells but does not react with hemoglobin combines with water to form carbonic acid, H¿CO3, which then dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions (O in the figure). The bicarbonate ions diffuse out of the cells (O in the figure), and the ions are transported to the lungs…arrow_forwardWhat products are formed during respiration? Glucose and Oxygen Water and Carbon Dioxide Water and Glucose Water and Oxygenarrow_forward
- Which of the following are produced during cellular respiration? carbon dioxide, water, and ATP ATP and water carbon dioxide and ATP oxygen and glucosearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about oxygen transport is TRUE. Increases in temperature and decreases in pH cause myoglobin to release oxygen to improve delivery to the hemoglobin in muscles. A molecule of myoglobin has higher oxygen binding capacity than a molecule of hemoglobin. Myoglobin has a higher oxygen affinity than does hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen than maternal hemoglobin, which makes it better suited to extract oxygen from the maternal circulation.arrow_forwardMountain climbers often use the expression “thin air” to describe atmospheric conditions at high elevation. For example Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air is about a deadly climbing expedition to Mount Everest. What does it mean to say the air gets “thinner” as you climb upward? Explain the reason why the air gets “thinner” with increasing altitude. Briefly explain why it becomes difficult to breathe in “thin” air. Your answer should include something about the human physiology of breathing and why it is more difficult when the air is "thinner."arrow_forward
- Explain the transport of oxygen in human bodyarrow_forwardWhat happens if the body's cellular respiration system malfunctions? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe transportation of carbon dioxide involves a reversible reaction involving the bicarbonate ion. If this reaction was not readily reversible, then carbon dioxide would would drop, as high carbon dioxide levels cause hyperventilation build up in the tissues and become toxic would remain at a constant level, as red blood cells are frequently replaced be released in the lungs when the concentration gradient become largearrow_forward
- explain how carbon dioxide from cells travels through blood to your lungs, then out of your bodyarrow_forwardOxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via simple diffusion. The respiratory membrane is thin so gases diffuse only a short distance through the liquid and into the blood. Fluid buildup in the lungs increases the distance through the liquid medium. How does this impact the concentration of oxygen in the blood? Explain.arrow_forwardMyoglobin would be an inappropriate carrier of oxygen to peripheral tissues because: Myoglobin exists in the T, or deoxy state, in muscle tissue. Myoglobin would not release oxygen at the oxygen pressures found in muscle tissue. Myoglobin has lower affinity and would lose the oxygen to hemoglobin during transport. Myoglobin is only soluble in plasma. Two of the above.arrow_forward
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