Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 27.1, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effectiveness of a new antibiotic for a patient with a staphylococcal infection.
Introduction:
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) gives a correlation between the drug and the average attainable tissue levels of antibiotics that can predict its effectiveness. The measured MIC can be approximated by the means of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Antibiotics are the chemical compounds used for inhibiting or destroying the growth of microbes.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 3TQ
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 1RQCh. 27 - Prob. 2RQCh. 27 - Prob. 3RQCh. 27 - Prob. 4RQCh. 27 - Prob. 5RQCh. 27 - Prob. 6RQCh. 27 - Prob. 7RQCh. 27 - Prob. 8RQCh. 27 - Prob. 9RQCh. 27 - Prob. 10RQCh. 27 - Prob. 11RQCh. 27 - Prob. 12RQCh. 27 - Prob. 13RQCh. 27 - Prob. 14RQCh. 27 - Prob. 15RQCh. 27 - Prob. 16RQCh. 27 - Prob. 17RQCh. 27 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27 - Prob. 4TQ
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- Imagine that you have set up a Kirby Bauer experiment on Mueller Hinton agar (non-selective agar) in order to test if Escherichia coli is susceptible or resistant to Drug X. After 24 hours, you notice a zone of inhibition (clear zone) around your antibiotic disc and determine that E. coli is susceptible to Drug X. You then take a cotton swab and subculture a sample from this zone of inhibition (where no growth was apparent) onto a new agar plate without antibiotics and after 24 hours you see growth of E.coli. What can you conclude about Drug X?arrow_forward12:28 TABLE 1 Disk Symbol A B Today 10:42 AM INTERPRETING INHIBITION ZONES OF TEST CULTURES CHEMICAL METHODS OF CONTROL: ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS Antimicrobial Agent Ampicillin when testing gram-negative bacteria Ampicillin when testing gram-positive bacteria Chloramphenicol Ceftazidime Carbenicillin Carbenicillin when testing Pseudomonas Cephalothin Ciprofloxacin Erythromycin Cefoxitin Sulfisoxazole Bunnsoxazo Gentamicin Conca companion Imipenem Penicillin when testing staphylococci Penicillin when testing other bacteria Polymyxin Rifampin Streptomycin Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) Tetracycline Vancomycin when testing Staphylococcus spp. Vancomycin when testing enterococci PROCEDURE Second Period 1. Measure the zones of inhibition in millimeters, using a ruler on the underside of the plate (see Figure 3b). If the diameter is difficult to measure, measure the radius from the center of the disk to the edge of the zone. Multiply the radius by 2 to get the diameter of the zone. Disk…arrow_forwardYou have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drugarrow_forward
- Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?arrow_forwardE-strip testing can be used to determine a drug MIC against an organism. Which ONE of the following is correct? Select one: A. The zone of inhibition is inversely proportional to the activity of the drug B. The E-strip result guides to the maximum drug concentration that can be used to clear an infection C. The E-strip is impregnated with a fixed concentration of drug D. The E-strip is used broadly clinically to determine if an organism is resistant to a drug E. The MIC is read where bacterial growth touches the E-striparrow_forwardThe following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism. Use these data to answer questions. The following results were obtained using the Kirby-Bauer method to assess microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was the experimental organism. Use the data below to answer the questions. antibiotics Zone of Inhibition TO 3mm В. 7mm C Omm 10mm The most effective antibiotic was: Select one: O TO B. can't tell O O O O Oarrow_forward
- 3) Were all of the conditions of a standardized Kirby-Bauer test met as you performed this assay? If not, which were not? 4) What is the significance of colonies that develop within otherwise clear zones of inhibition? If the laboratory report for one of your patients indicated colonies within the zone, what concerns would you have for your patient?arrow_forwardA researcher is planning to plant antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli pure bacteria sample in antibiotic (ampicillin) solid media in his experiment. Describe each of the sterilization methods that this researcher should use while preparing this solid medium with antibiotics and in cultivation of the bacteria on the solid medium, indicating the stages at which it should be used and giving the mechanism of action.arrow_forwardSuppose you do this test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with the antibiotics pencilllin (p-10) and chloramphenicol (C30). You record identical zone diameters of 25 mm for the chloramphenicol and penicillin disks. Which antibiotic would be less effective against this organism? Penicillin falls to the left of the resistant zone Penicillin falls to the right of the suceptible zone zone Chlorampenicol falls to the left of the resistant zone Chlorampenicol falls to the right of the suceptible zone none of thesearrow_forward
- The table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master grid. We do not know the identity or any characteristics of the unknown bacteria. Each safe relative was spread onto a petri dish using aseptic technique. A grid pattern was taped to each plate and the unknown bacteria were patched into one of the squares. If there was no inhibition visible, including with a magnifying lens, the result was listed as -. If there was an inhibition zone between 1 and 10mm in diameter, the result is listed as +. If the inhibition zone was 10mm or greater, the result is listed as ++. In the lab, the MGC instructors plated all 6 of the ESKAPE pathogen safe relatives on LB agar plates. Then we patched Unknown Bacteria 5 from a Master plate onto the safe relative. The results are shown here: METRIC METRIC METRIC 1 B. subtilis S. epidermidis E. coli Complete the final column (Unknown Bacteria 5) of the table by selecting -, +, or ++ using the criteria in the…arrow_forwardThe table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master grid. We do not know the identity or any characteristics of the unknown bacteria. Each safe relative was spread onto a petri dish using aseptic technique. A grid pattern was taped to each plate and the unknown bacteria were patched into one of the squares. If there was no inhibition visible, including with a magnifying lens, the result was listed as -. If there was an inhibition zone between 1 and 10mm in diameter, the result is listed as +. If the inhibition zone was greater than 10mm, the result is listed as ++, Page 50 in your research guide states: "Some antibiotics are broad spectrum, meaning that they affect a wide range of bacteria. Other antibiotics have a narrow spectrum of activity. One anatomical feature that plays a significant role in the susceptibility of a microbe to a particular antibiotic is its cell wall composition (discussed in Section 8)". Research the cell wall…arrow_forwardThe table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master grid. We do not know the identity or any characteristics of the unknown bacteria. Each safe relative was spread onto a petri dish using aseptic technique. A grid pattern was taped to each plate and the unknown bacteria were patched into one of the squares. If there was no inhibition visible, including with a magnifying lens, the result was listed as -. If there was an inhibition zone between 1 and 10mm in diameter, the result is listed as +. If the inhibition zone was greater than 10mm, the result is listed as ++. Page 50 in your research guide states: "Some antibiotics are broad spectrum, meaning that they affect a wide range of bacteria. Other antibiotics have a narrow spectrum of activity. One anatomical feature that plays a significant role in the susceptibility of a microbe to a particular antibiotic is its cell wall composition (discussed in Section 8)". Research the cell wall…arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License