Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 27, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The higher effectiveness of antibiotic drugs in vivo than in vitro.
Introduction:
Antibiotic drug therapy is delivered as well as adjusted accordingly using the data obtained from the in-vitro culture of the pathogens. The in vitro-in vivo paradox demonstrates that antibiotic therapy may prove to be a failure when the in-vitro data on efficiency and pharmacology indicate a positive outcome. This discrepancy is the result of a complex interaction between the drug, host, as well as the microbial cell.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Choose the false statement:
Penicillin is a ß lactam which inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA polymerase.
O Resistance to ß lactamase inhibitors arises when bacteria duplicate the ß lactamase gene.
O B lactamase inhibitors are prescribed together with antibiotics like penicillin in order to combat
resistance to these antibiotics.
Question 10
Choose the false statement below:
OUsing multiple antimicrobials in combination is an ineffective strategy because they generally are
redundant in effect and the chance of drug resistance will be increased.
O Because of its complex structure and multiple binding sites, the ribosome is the target for
multiple types of antibiotics.
O Choice of an antimicrobial agent may be dependent upon the material treated as well as the
susceptíbility of the microbe.
Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?
Spectrum of activity describes how many species of microbes a drug works against. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against many different groups of bacteria, while narrow-spectrum antibiotics work well against a particular group or species, but have little effect on the rest.
Based on our class results, which of the following are narrow-spectrum?
Group of answer choices
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
Ampicillin
Kanamycin
Ciprofloxacin
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Chapter 27 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 3TQ
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 1RQCh. 27 - Prob. 2RQCh. 27 - Prob. 3RQCh. 27 - Prob. 4RQCh. 27 - Prob. 5RQCh. 27 - Prob. 6RQCh. 27 - Prob. 7RQCh. 27 - Prob. 8RQCh. 27 - Prob. 9RQCh. 27 - Prob. 10RQCh. 27 - Prob. 11RQCh. 27 - Prob. 12RQCh. 27 - Prob. 13RQCh. 27 - Prob. 14RQCh. 27 - Prob. 15RQCh. 27 - Prob. 16RQCh. 27 - Prob. 17RQCh. 27 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27 - Prob. 4TQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) can cure AIDS, Ebola, cancer, and malaria. Or at least that the website tells potential customers. The inventor and chief advocate of the products is Jim Humble. There is little evidence to support the fact that MMS does anything to patients aside from making them feel worse than they did before they tried it. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA identifies it as 28 percent sodium chlorite, which , when mixed with an acid (as recommended), produces a potent form of bleach. The product’s labels suggest high oral doses for the minimum effect. The FDA states the oral doses will produce nothing but nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea. Humble claims to have “treated” 100,000 patients in Mexico and other parts of the world. It is also clear that MMS has been used on pancreatic and lung cancer patients…arrow_forwardSome bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cellarrow_forwardSome antibiotics fail to kill/inhibit a pathogen simply because the microbe is naturally (intrinsically) resistant to it. True or False ?arrow_forward
- Make a conceptual framework based on this concept (Antimicrobial Resistance).arrow_forwardBroad-spectrum drugs target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Even when the broad-spectrum drug is capable of killing a target pathogen, it may not be the best treatment. Which statement best explains why a broad spectrum drug might be an undesirable treatment choice? Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are usually toxic to the host cells. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials only work if they are used shortly after the infection begins. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may kill much of the normal microbiota. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are not able to kill bacteria that are in their log phase of growth. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may stimulate excess growth of the normal microbiota.arrow_forwardAntibiotic resistance is a real threat to the human race. Unfortunately, it has not been given the kind of attention it deserves. So a lot of people are unaware of the seriousness of the situation and its consequences. You are expected to do a literature search about this burning issue and turn in a paper. I am not particular about the style you use for the paper. But I am particular about the fact that you must reference every statement you make if you are taking it from somewhere. I want you to use the ACS format to cite your reference Your paper must have an introduction. Your paper must read like an essay (headings are optional). If you use a question answer format I will not grade your paper. Please do not use the numbering or bullet format in writing the paper, the use of paragraphs is more appropriate. Please ensure that your paper is cohesive in font and writing style. In your paper please address the following issues · What are antibiotics? · What is antibiotic resistance? ·…arrow_forward
- We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?arrow_forward(a) Describe how a microorganism may become resistant to a drug to which it was previously susceptible. (b) What can health care workers do to help prevent the development of drug resistant microbes? (c) What can you do on a personal level to help prevent the development of drug resistant microbes? 2.arrow_forwardYou have been given the job of creating the 'ideal' antibiotic for global use. What characteristics should this drug have?arrow_forward
- propose a hypothesis regarding the organism (escherichia, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, bacillus) that will demonstrate greater resistance to UV and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? and what serves as the control treatment?arrow_forwardThe type of antimicrobial drug that would be most likely to have toxic effects in humans based on the premise of selective toxicity when treating microbial infection would be a drug that O 1) inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall O 2) inhibits metabolic pathways O 3) disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane 4) inhibits protein synthesis 5) All of the above have equal potential to be toxicarrow_forwardWith the help of two (2) examples, define antibiotics.arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License