Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 8EQ
The codon change (Gly-12 to Val-12) in human ras H that converts it to oncogenic ras H has been associated with many types of cancers. For this reason, researchers would like to develop drugs to inhibit oncogenic ras H. Based on your understanding of the Ras protein, what types of drugs might you develop? In other words, what would be the structure of the drugs, and how would they inhibit Ras protein? How would you test the efficacy of the drugs? What might be some side effects?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following mutations would produce a form of the Ras protein that would be more difficult to inactivate than normal Ras? Briefly explain your reasoning.(i) A mutation that allows Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more rapidly than usual(ii) A mutation that causes Ras to bind Ras-GAP more tightly than usual(iii) A mutation that causes Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more slowly than usual
Several research studies are under way that involve the use of genetherapies to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Oncogenes are mutant genes that are overexpressed and cause cancer. New gene therapies are aimed at silencing oncogenes by producing antisense RNA that recognizes the mRNAtranscribed from oncogenes. Based on your understanding of antisense RNA , explain how this strategy would prevent the growth of cancer cells.
Cancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation of cells that defy the normal regulatory controls observed by normal cells. Recently, histone deacetylation therapies have been attempted in the treatment of certain cancers [reviewed by Delcuve et al. (2009)]. Specifically, the FDA has approved histone deacetylation (HDAC) inhibitors for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Explain why histone acetylation might be associated with cancer and what the rationale is for the use of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of certain forms of cancer.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following wouldnotbe consistent with...Ch. 25.1 - 2. Assuming complete penetrance, which type of...Ch. 25.1 - 3. Which of the following is not a common...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25.2 - Haplotype association studies are aimed at the...Ch. 25.3 - 1. Which of the following is not a method used in...Ch. 25.3 - 2. Which of the following prenatal genetic testing...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25.5 - 1. An oncogene is produced from a ________that has...
Ch. 25.5 - Which of the following is a type of genetic change...Ch. 25.5 - 3. Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer...Ch. 25.5 - 4. Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 5COMQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 25 - 1. With regard to pedigree analysis, make a list...Ch. 25 - 2. Explain, at the molecular level, why human...Ch. 25 - 3. Many genetic disorders exhibit locus...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 25 - Figure 25.1 illustrates albinism in two different...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 25 - Ehler-Danlos syndrome is a rare disorder caused by...Ch. 25 - 10. Hurler syndrome is due to a mutation in a gene...Ch. 25 - Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an...Ch. 25 - Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 25 - 14. Marfan syndrome is due to a mutation in a...Ch. 25 - 15. Sandhoff disease is due to a mutation in a...Ch. 25 - Describe the two assumptions that underlie the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 25 - What is a prion? Explain how a prion relies on...Ch. 25 - 19. Some people have a genetic predisposition for...Ch. 25 - What is the difference between an oncogene and a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 25 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 25 - With regard to cancer cells, which of the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 25 - 1. Which of the following experimental...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2EQCh. 25 - 3. What is meant by the term genetic testing? How...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4EQCh. 25 - 5. Chapter 21 describes a method known as Western...Ch. 25 - 6. An experimental assay for the blood-clotting...Ch. 25 - 7. Discuss ways to distinguish whether a...Ch. 25 - 8. The codon change (Gly-12 to Val-12) in...Ch. 25 - Explain how DNA microarrays are used in molecular...Ch. 25 - Make a list of the benefits that may arise from...Ch. 25 - 2. Our government has finite funds to devote to...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3QSDC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following defects in RAS would be tumorigenic? multiple answers A. Deletion of nucleotide binding domain B. Inactivation of Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) C. Mutation at amino acid 61 that prevents hydrolysis of bound GTP D. Inactivation of GTPase Protein (GAPS) E. Mutation that prevents binding of GTParrow_forwardWilms tumor 1, or nephroblastoma, is caused by mutations in the WT1 gene, which encodes a transcription factor. You have identified a novel variant in WT1: Arg422Pro. You have control cells and cells that have been engineered to carry the homozygous WT1 p.Arg422Pro mutation. You want to assess effects of this mutation on a variety of endpoints. For each endpoint listed below, choose the one technique is best suited to answer the question. Choose from: array CGH, qRT-PCR, qPCR, RNA-seq, FISH, in situ hybridization, western blot, immunostaining, WT1 ChIP-seq, WT1 ChIP-PCR, ATAC-seq, 3C Endpoint Technique? WT1 protein amount (quantitative) Western blot WT1 protein binding to all enhancers, genome-wide Chip-seq WT1 mRNA amount (quantitative) WT1 protein subcellular localization Quantitative assessment of all mRNAs in these cells (genome-wide) RNAseq Chromatin interactions between a specific WT1 chromatin binding site (identified above)…arrow_forwardDescribe the common signal transduction event that is perturbed by cancer-promoting mutations in the genes encoding RAS and NF-1. Why are mutations in RAS more commonly found in cancers than mutations in NF-1?arrow_forward
- Aberrant signaling through the Ras-BRaf-MAPK signal transduction pathway drives many cancers. This makes the pathway an attractive drug target, and many small molecules have been developed that target either Ras, BRaf or MAPK. In malignant melanoma, one mutation in particular, where valine 600 of Braf is mutated to a glutamic acid (V600E), is found in the majority of cases. This mutation makes BRaf activation independent of upstream Ras activity. Would a small molecule that targets Ras be effective in a melanoma case driven by Braf V600E? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal antibodies made in insect cells. The CEO, Dr. Bugsbunny, has convened a Board Meeting to discuss research proposals and budgets. The VP of Research & Development, Karen Hucklebug, gives an update on the Factor 801A program. Factor 801A is new signal transduction molecule that is important for the growth of ovarian cancer cells. She explains that the structure of the antibody binding to 810A has been finalized and production is on schedule in Luv Bug, Ireland. The CMO, Dr. David Sprayberry, reminds the Board that several pathologists have reported high levels of Factor 801A in ovarian cancer cells and it is a significant prognostic factor. The American Cancer Society estimates that 14,070 women died of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2018. The VP of Marketing, Andrew Flynn, asks about the current treatments for ovarian cancer. David explains that most ovarian cancers spread through…arrow_forwardBugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal antibodies made in insect cells. The CEO, Dr. Bugsbunny, has convened a Board Meeting to discuss research proposals and budgets. The VP of Research & Development, Karen Hucklebug, gives an update on the Factor 801A program. Factor 801A is new signal transduction molecule that is important for the growth of ovarian cancer cells. She explains that the structure of the antibody binding to 810A has been finalized and production is on schedule in Luv Bug, Ireland. The CMO, Dr. David Sprayberry, reminds the Board that several pathologists have reported high levels of Factor 801A in ovarian cancer cells and it is a significant prognostic factor. The American Cancer Society estimates that 14,070 women died of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2018. Give an example of a technique that can be used to measure the affinity of the antibody for Factor 801A? Explain how it works David adds that an…arrow_forward
- BugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal antibodies made in insect cells. The CEO, Dr. Bugsbunny, has convened a Board Meeting to discuss research proposals and budgets. The VP of Research & Development, Karen Hucklebug, gives an update on the Factor 801A program. Factor 801A is new signal transduction molecule that is important for the growth of ovarian cancer cells. She explains that the structure of the antibody binding to 810A has been finalized and production is on schedule in Luv Bug, Ireland. The CMO, Dr. David Sprayberry, reminds the Board that several pathologists have reported high levels of Factor 801A in ovarian cancer cells and it is a significant prognostic factor. The American Cancer Society estimates that 14,070 women died of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2018 Propose a protocol (~100 words) to study the efficacy of the antibody in this mouse model.arrow_forwardBugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal antibodies made in insect cells. The CEO, Dr. Bugsbunny, has convened a Board Meeting to discuss research proposals and budgets. The VP of Research & Development, Karen Hucklebug, gives an update on the Factor 801A program. Factor 801A is new signal transduction molecule that is important for the growth of ovarian cancer cells. She explains that the structure of the antibody binding to 810A has been finalized and production is on schedule in Luv Bug, Ireland. The CMO, Dr. David Sprayberry, reminds the Board that several pathologists have reported high levels of Factor 801A in ovarian cancer cells and it is a significant prognostic factor. The American Cancer Society estimates that 14,070 women died of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2018 Propose a PK protocol (~100 words) to study the distribution of the antibody to Factor 801A after IP injection in mice. …arrow_forwardBugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal antibodies made in insect cells. The CEO, Dr. Bugsbunny, has convened a Board Meeting to discuss research proposals and budgets. The VP of Research & Development, Karen Hucklebug, gives an update on the Factor 801A program. Factor 801A is new signal transduction molecule that is important for the growth of ovarian cancer cells. She explains that the structure of the antibody binding to 810A has been finalized and production is on schedule in Luv Bug, Ireland. The CMO, Dr. David Sprayberry, reminds the Board that several pathologists have reported high levels of Factor 801A in ovarian cancer cells and it is a significant prognostic factor. The American Cancer Society estimates that 14,070 women died of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2018. The VP of Marketing, Andrew Flynn, asks about the current treatments for ovarian cancer. David explains that most ovarian cancers spread through…arrow_forward
- You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…arrow_forwardA mutation in the Ras protein renders Ras constitutively active (RasD). What is constitutive activation?arrow_forwardThe SIRT3 protein has been reported to increase the growth of certain types of cancer cells. Researchers studying the metabolism and development of stomach cancer cells investigated the potential role of the SIRT3 protein in these cells. In the first investigation, the researchers quantified the relative amount of SIRT3 in normal stomach cells and in each of four different lines of stomach cancer cells (Figure 1). Using data from a group of 100 patients with stomach cancer, the researchers also analyzed the relative amount of SIRT3 protein detected in samples of the cancer cells and in normal cells immediately adjacent to the cancer cells (Figure 2). Figure 1. SIRT3 protein levels in normal stomach cells (NS) and stomach cancer cell lines from four different patients (SC-1, SC-2, SC-3, SC-4), shown relative to the level in normal stomach cells (NS). Error bars represent ±SEx¯. Figure 2. The number of patients, from 100 tested, whose stomach cancer cells or normal stomach cells…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
What are Mutations and what are the different types of Mutations?; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I16YlE8qTBU;License: Standard youtube license