BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 2S
Identifying “outgroups” is a central component of cladistic analysis. As described on page 462, a group is chosen that is closely related to, but not a part of the group under study. If one does not know the relationships of members of the group under study, how can one be certain that an appropriate outgroup is chosen? Can you think of any approaches that would minimize the effect of a poor choice of outgroup?
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Based on chapter 5 of our textbook, shared derived traits are not very helpful in constructing cladograms.
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The above data are from a landmark student looking into the relationship between sickle
cell anemia and malaria. These data are from a population where malaria is prevalent. A
is the allele for normal red blood cells; S is the sickle cell allele (you should know what
this means).
Is this population in H-W equilibrium? Make sure to use chi-square.
Why or why not (if not, what assumption(s) violated).
Genotype
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9365 (75.6%)
2993 (24.2%)
29 (0.2%)
12,387
Construct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed.
a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram?
b)
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license