BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 9U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Homoplastic characters are those same set of characters that are shared by two different groups that do not have any evolutionary relationship.
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Spirochetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells.
Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have
adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements
accurately describes the DNA of both groups?
A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome.
B. Nematode DNA is circular.
C. Spirochete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes
also include specialized proteins.
D. Spirochete DNA is linear.
Spirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups?
A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome.
B. Nematode DNA is circular.
C. Spirochaete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins.
D. Spirochaete DNA is linear.
Which of the following statements is the MOST compelling argument that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants?
A.
Plants have chloroplasts whereas fungi and animals cells do not.
B.
Plants fix carbon dioxide from the air; fungi and animals use pre-existing organic molecules.
C.
The DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA of fungi share more homology with ribosomal RNA from animals than plants.
D.
Both animal and fungal cells are eukaryotic.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Which of the following is thought to be the most closely related to the common animal ancestor? a. fungal cells b. protist cells c. plant cells d. bacterial cellsarrow_forwardOne piece of supporting evidence for the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells is thata. eukaryotic cells have internal membranes.b. mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA.c. Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum were present in ancestral cells.d. the nuclear membrane could only have come from another cell.arrow_forwardIf you were studying the evolution of animal-specific cell-to-cellsignaling systems, from which of the following would you chooserepresentative species to observe?a. Rhodophyta b. Discoba c. Choanomonada d. Radiolaria e. Chlorophytaarrow_forward
- Choose the statement that is incorrect. a. Phylogeny helps us study the spread of viruses through human populations. b. DNA barcoding can identify an individual as belonging to a particular species. c. Lineages that are more distantly related have more similarities in the DNA sequence of their genomes. d. Nonconservative amino acid substitutions can cause drastic changes in phenotypearrow_forwardWhich of the following taxon contains the other? a. Species b. Class c. Order d. Genusarrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forward
- the same as the genus of an animal that steals chloroplasts from algae. It can keep the chloroplasts alive for many months, thanks to genes that were originally part of the algae genome. What kind of animal is this? A. Luna both caterpillars, Insecta, Arthropod B. Marine Flatworm, platyhelminthes C. Sea slug, mollusk gastropod D. Bivalve, Mollusk 18arrow_forwardA shared ancestral feature is a/an select one a. symplesiomorphy b.synapomorphy c.autapomorphyarrow_forwardPhylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.a. express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals; b. illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and c. analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and lossarrow_forward
- Which of the following is an accurate point that supports the idea that the earliest protocells relied first on RNA (not DNA) as inherited information? A. RNA is composed of lipids, and lipids were present on early Earth before the nucleotides that compose DNA were B. RNA is a monomer (unlike DNA), so it is simpler and more likely to have been used by these simple protocells C. DNA would have been too large to fit into the small protocells, but RNA was small enough to fit D. RNA can serve dual roles as both genetic information storage and an enzyme (but DNA cannot do both) ..arrow_forwardHow can scientists determine that multicellularity arose more than once in different lineages? Select one: a. Scientists do not know b. Bacteria live as multicellular groups called biofilms c. Animals are more closely related to single-celled eukaryotes than to fungi d. Fungi can produce multicellular structuresarrow_forwardWhat do the multiple branching points at the root of the eukaryotic phylogenetic tree indicate about the evolution of eukaryotes? A. that unikonts are derived from the SAR clade B. that Archaeplastids were the first eukaryotes C. that fungi are more closely related to plants than animals D. that eukaryotes are all descended from a common ancestorarrow_forward
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