BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 2A
Rapid rates of character change relative to the rate of
a. the frequency with which distantly related species evolve the same derived character state may be high.
b. evolutionary reversals may occur frequently.
c. homoplasy will be common.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Derived characters are traits:
A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters
B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species.
C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species.
D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.
The principle of parsimony
a. helps evolutionary biologists distinguish among competing phylogenetic hypotheses.
b. does not require that the polarity of traits be determined.
c. is a way to avoid having to use outgroups in a phylogenetic analysis.
d. cannot be applied to molecular traits.
The presence or absence of a trait of interest in a lineage is said to be an uninformative character for a phylogenetic reconstruction when the number of changes for that trait -
A. occurs only in the outgroup and in one ingroup species.
B. is the same for any hypothetical tree.
C. is always different for any hypothetical tree.
D. occurs only in the outgroup but not in any ingroup species.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Cladistic principles suggest that: a. All apes are hominins. b. Outgroups can help to define natural groups by showing what is primitive, and hence, what is derived. c. Birds are crocodiles. d. Species boundaries are fuzzy. e. None of the above is correct.arrow_forwardA good “phylogenetic” species is one that is A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms. C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forward
- When evaluating multiple cladograms, what is the name of the principle used to decide which cladogram most likely shows the correct evolutionary relationships? Group of answer choices a. principle of parsimony b. principle of persimmons c. principle of parsley d. principle of paisley e. principle of Penelope f. principle of pineapplearrow_forwardA. Which two alien species are likely to be the most related? Why? B. Which two alien species are likely the least related? Why? C. In this cladogram, how many times have lineages diverged? D. On your cladogram, circle the most recent common ancestor of the pingests and persnippys.arrow_forwardWhich of the following most likely demonstrates that classification is the basis of evolutionary relatedness? A. Organisms that share similar characteristics are impliedly understood to have common ancestors, thus having an evolutionary relationship. B. Classification is to organize organisms into groups based on their differences and similarities and evolutionary history, so as evolution changes, classification will also change C. Classification based on evolutionary relatedness always infer that all organisms that evolved similarly shares the same history. D. Homologous structures among organisms depicts the same evolutionary history or paths.arrow_forward
- Select the taxon that MOST CLOSELY applies to each of the statements below regarding anthropoids. Each term may be used once or not at all. Hominin genus with small head and oval birth canal. a. Homo sapiens + Species with a brain mass approximately three times larger than that of b. Homo heidelbergensis other extant hominins. c. Homo floresiensis * Species that comparative genomics suggests hybridized with Homo sapiens. d. Gigantopithecus e. Aegyptopithecus + Small-statured species found in Indonesia up to about 50,000 years ago. f. Homo neanderthalensis + Genus conjectured by some to have been responsible for the Yeti myth in southeast Asia. g. Homo h. Homo erectus i. Ardipithecus ramidus j. Proconsul k. Homo habilis 1. Australopithecus m. Australopithecus afarensisarrow_forwardIn order to determine polarity for different states of a character a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question. b. genetic sequence data must be available. c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected. d. an outgroup must be identified.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are true about outgroups? a. They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny b. They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question c. They do not have any autapomorphic traits d. They are less evolved than the species of interestarrow_forward
- Based on cladistic analysis: O a. paraphyletic and monophyletic groups are equally valid. b. a shared derived trait that unites birds is feathers. c. it is generally easier to identify the later as compared to the earlier members of a natural group. d. Two of the above are correct. e. None of the above is correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are TRUE in phylogenetic analysis? 0000000 A. In a phylogram, the longer the branch length, the lesser genetic change. B. A bootstrap value of 90-100 indicates a weakly supported clade. C. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony does not consider convergence as an influencing factor in creating an evolutionary tree. D. Phylogenetic analysis treats each base of a sequence as a molecular character for analysis. Both C and D are True statements. Both B and Care True statements. None. All of the statements are False.arrow_forwardA scientist has developed 3 different phylogenies that describe the relationships between different species of elephants. In Phylogeny A, there are 4 total changes that resulted in 4 different species. In Phylogenies B and C, there are still 4 total species represented, however, they take 6 and 8 changes, respectively, to create them. Which phylogeny is probably correct? a.)Phylogeny A b.)Phylogeny B c.)Phylogeny C d.)All of the above, given every clade contains the same organismsarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Discovering the tree of life | California Academy of Sciences; Author: California Academy of Sciences;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjvLQJ6PIiU;License: Standard Youtube License