BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 5U
The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a rhinoceros
a. are homologous and symplesiomorphic.
b. are not homologous but are symplesiomorphic.
c. are homologous and synapomorphic.
d. are not homologous but are synapomorphic.
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Which of the following is not correct?
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The lung in the frog is homoplasious to the lung in the land snail
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The arm bones of Barak Obama are homologous to those of Donald Trump
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The hair of the tarantula is homoplasious to the hair on a platypus
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Bilateral symmetry in the frog and the snapdragon flower is homoplasious
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The dorsal fin of a shark and the dorsal fin of a dolphin are homologous.
In Figure 2 a diagram shows how traits are shared (or not shared) in different generations. Based on the diagram:
a. A, represents a plesiomorph trait. In how many generations is A shared (symplesiomorph)?
b. C represents an apomorphictrait. What generations share C (synapomorphy)?
c. E is considered an autapomorphic trait. Why do you think?
d. What about B and D? How do we classify them?
Evolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which of examples listed below does not support the claim that species are related?
A.
Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous.
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Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease.
C.
The endostyle of lancelets (invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins.
D.
All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information.
E.
Ground squirrel species found on the North and South sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- The bones in the front fins of whales and the bones in the human arm evolved from a common ancestor but carry out different functions. This is an example of A. homologous structures. B. vestigial structures. C. analogous structures. D. embryonic structures.arrow_forwardButterfly wings and bat wings are ____ structures, while bird wings and bat wings are ____ structures. a. homozygous … heterozygous b. homologous … analogous c. analogous … phyllogenous d. analogous … homologousarrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forward
- Species A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forwardThe Brachyury and Tbx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3 gene in flowering plants a. are examples of Hox genes. b. are examples of co-opting a gene for a new function. c. are homologues for determining the body plan of eukaryotes. d. help regulate the formation of appendages.arrow_forwardWhich pairs of animals shows a correct example of the homologous structure A.Tongue of frog and proboscis of mosquito. B.Fingers of human and arm of starfish C.Wings of butterfly and wings of bat. D.Flipper of whale and forelimb of cat.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic relationship between chimpanzees and baboons? A. They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats. B. They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history. C. They are grouped together because they both have an opposable thumb. D. They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.arrow_forwardA. Which two alien species are likely to be the most related? Why? B. Which two alien species are likely the least related? Why? C. In this cladogram, how many times have lineages diverged? D. On your cladogram, circle the most recent common ancestor of the pingests and persnippys.arrow_forwardSome embryos share many similarities and are difficult to tell apart, while others are slightly easier. What can you conclude about the similarities and differences between the embryos of different species? Select one: a. The more closely related species show differences from the earlier stages. b. The more closely related species share similarities until the later stages. c. The more distantly related species share similarities until the later stages. d. The more distantly related species show differences in only the later stages.arrow_forward
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