BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 4S
Across many species of limpets, loss of larval development and reversal from direct development appears to have occurred multiple times. Under the simple principle of parsimony, are changes in either direction merely counted equally in evaluating the most parsimonious hypothesis? If it is much more likely to lose a larval mode than to re-evolve it from direct development, should that be taken into account? If so, how?
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First, concerningthe evolution of development, what have been the changes in developmentalmechanisms that give rise to different phenotypes? A second question, closelyrelated to the first, is how do genetic differences among species map onto phenotypic differences? Third, what is the role of development in either constraining or enhancing evolutionary change in characters? That is, how does development affect “evolvability”? Fourth, how does developmental information help usidentify homologous characters, or even define homology? Finally, can understanding development help us understand the origin of novel characteristics?
How do mechanisms of speciation, such as genetic isolation, reproductive barriers, and ecological factors, apply to the human-chimp-gorilla trichotomy?
Discuss the role of these mechanisms in driving speciation and shaping the evolutionary relationships among humans, chimps, and gorillas, based on genetic evidence such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics.
Many species look similar as embryos. What causes them to appear different as adults? Why does the study of development give insights into evolutionary relationships?
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- which statement is false? 1)In the context of the evolution of senescence, the aphorism "live fast and die young" means that organisms with a more risky behavior will have a shorter life span. 2)Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation process that takes place in different geographic locations.arrow_forwardDescribe thoroughly the selective advantages and disadvantages organisms that reproduce sexually have over those that reproduce asexually, as well as the ramifications of mate choice on the traits present in species. The following questions could help answer the question above. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction? What are the disadvantages? How do traits selected by sexual selection and those selected by differential survival mix in an animal species? i.e. is it more important to mate or survive? Use specific examples to illustrate your point. Your answers should indicate an understanding of the mechanism behind natural selection. Propose a scenario where asexual reproduction would be favorable.arrow_forwardWyckoff et al. (2000. Nature 403:304-309) have proposed that some human male reproductive-associated genes have evolved by natural selection and not by neutral evolution. Part of the DNA sequence results of their study is shown below. Which gene(s) did seem to evolve by natural selection? Note: dn = number of substitutions per non-synonymous (replacement) sites and ds = number of substitutions per synonymous (silent) sites. dn ds Acrosin-Trypsin 0.138 0.064 Protamine 1 0.133 0.046 SRY 0.055 0.090 Histone H1 (testicular) 0.055…arrow_forward
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- What is the common ancestor of the Galapagos finches? What are the thirteen Galapagos finches? What characteristics make each of the thirteen finches a distinct species? How is each finch isolated from the others? What habitat does each finch live?arrow_forwardSome eastem North American populations of apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) have shifted hosts from the downy hawthom (Crataegus mollis) to eastern apple (Malus pumila) which were introduced within the last 130 years. Given the seasonal timing of fruit development of both eastern apple and downy hawthorn (see image below, from Hood, et al., 2019), what statement best describes the evolutionary pattems observed in apple maggots? Eastern apple (EA) Native range June July Downy hawthom (DH) August September October O The average timing of apple maggot seasonal mating and egg laying is expected to occur earlier in the year O Allopetric processes are responsible for divergence between apple maggot populations preferentially mating on eastern apple vs downy hawthorn Populations of mapple maggot are in Hardy Weinbery Equilibrium Eastern apples and downy hawthorns should be considered a single species based on apple maggot mating preferences O Apple maggot should be considered two species…arrow_forwardPINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forward
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